如何构造一个逻辑来将引脚号存储在数组中？

问题描述 投票：0回答：1

我正在开发一个记忆游戏。该代码是用 .C 编写的，将在 arduino 上运行。 在代码中，必须生成 8 到 14 之间的随机数。 轮数将决定随机化数字所需的数量。例如，在第 1 轮中：随机化 1 个数字并将其存储在变量 Correct_order[] = {number_random_1} 中。第 2 轮：随机化 2 个数字并将它们存储在变量 Correct_order[] = {number_random_1, number_random_2} 中。 在间隔之间，等待用户按下其中一个按钮并将其存储在变量 selected_order[] = [number_pin] 中。用户按下的次数也取决于他们所在的轮次。如果循环中的值 selected_order[index] == Correct_order[index] 为 true，则应该进入下一轮。否则，程序应该警告游戏已经结束，可能是在 Serial.println("message") 中。

我设法按轮进行随机化过程，但是，我无法对两个变量（数组）， Correct_order 和 selected_order 进行检查。

#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd_1(32,16,2);

const int ledPins[] = {13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8};
const int buttonsPins[] = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7};
const int numLeds = 6;

void setup() {
    lcd_1.init();
    lcd_1.setCursor(0,0);
    lcd_1.backlight();
    lcd_1.display();
    Serial.begin(9600);
    for (int i = 0; i < numLeds; i++) {
        pinMode(ledPins[i], OUTPUT);
        pinMode(buttonsPins[i], INPUT); // Enables the internal pull-up resistor on the button pins
    }
}
int correct_order[6];
int selected_order[6];
bool button_pressed_0 = false; // Variable to track whether button 1 has been pressed
bool button_pressed_1 = false; // Variable to track whether button 2 has been pressed
bool button_pressed_2 = false;
bool button_pressed_3 = false;
bool button_pressed_4 = false;
bool button_pressed_5 = false;

void reset(bool* button[], int quantity) {
  // sets the initial conditions only for the specified buttons
  for (int i = 0; i < quantity; i++) {
    *(button[i]) = false;
  }
}

int rounds = 1;
void loop() {
    Serial.print("\n START GAME \n");
    for(int i = 0; i<rounds;i++){
        correct_order[i] = random(8, 14);
        lcd_1.setCursor(0, 0);
        lcd_1.print("rounds: ");
        lcd_1.setCursor(0, 1);
        lcd_1.print(rounds);
        delay(1000);
        lcd_1.clear();
        Serial.print("\n variable rounds: ");
        Serial.print(rounds);
        for (int led = 0; led < rounds; led++) {
            Serial.print("\n variable led (indice): ");
            Serial.print(led);
            Serial.print("\n pin: ");
            Serial.print(correct_order[led]);
            digitalWrite(correct_order[led],HIGH);
            delay(1000);
            digitalWrite(correct_order[led],LOW);
            delay(1000);
          }
        int x = 0;
        // do(rounds++;)while{x<rounds};
        
        
      
    }
    Serial.println("\n ------- THE GAME IS OVER -----------");
  // correct_order - selected_order 
  // pin (led)     - pin (button)   +  cts(normalizacao)
  // 13            - 2              +  11     = 13
  // 12            - 3              +   9     = 12
  // 11            - 4              +   7     = 11
  // 10            - 5              +   5     = 10
  //  9            - 6              +   3     =  9
  //  8            - 7              +   2     =  8
  rounds = 1;
  bool* button[] = {&button_pressed_0, &button_pressed_1, &button_pressed_2, &button_pressed_3, &button_pressed_4, &button_pressed_5};
  reset(button, 6); // This will reset only the first 6 buttons
}

在评论

// do(rounds++;)while{x<rounds};
中，我尝试执行“Do While”来等待用户按下按钮并存储引脚号+常量（以正确的顺序等于引脚号），但它给了我一个问题，因为它有 5 个 
if(){}
条件，就像每一轮的检查，即在第 3 轮中，它只存储一个值。

do {
    if(digitalRead(buttonsPins[0]) == HIGH && !button_pressed_0) {
      Serial.println("\n pressed");
      Serial.print("index: ");
      Serial.print(x);
      Serial.print("\n Pin: ");
      Serial.print(buttonsPins[0]);
      selected_order[x] = buttonsPins[0] + 11;
      button_pressed_0= true;
      x++;
    } 
    if(digitalRead(botoesPinos[1]) == HIGH && !button_pressed_1) {
      Serial.println("\n pressed");
      Serial.print("index: ");
      Serial.print(x);
      Serial.print("\n Pin: ");
      Serial.print(buttonsPins[1]);
      selected_order[x] = buttonsPins[1] + 9;
      button_pressed_1= true;
      x++;
    } 
    if(digitalRead(botoesPinos[2]) == HIGH && !button_pressed_2) {
      Serial.println("\n pressed");
      Serial.print("index: ");
      Serial.print(x);
      Serial.print("\n Pin: ");
      Serial.print(buttonsPins[2]);
      selected_order[x] = buttonsPins[2] + 7;
      button_pressed_2= true;
      x++;
    } 
    if(digitalRead(botoesPinos[3]) == HIGH && !button_pressed_3) {
      Serial.println("\n pressed");
      Serial.print("index: ");
      Serial.print(x);
      Serial.print("\n Pin: ");
      Serial.print(buttonsPins[3]);
      selected_order[x] = buttonsPins[3] + 5;
      button_pressed_3= true;
      x++;
    } 
    if(digitalRead(buttonsPins[4]) == HIGH && !button_pressed_4) {
      Serial.println("\n pressed");
      Serial.print("index: ");
      Serial.print(x);
      Serial.print("\n Pin: ");
      Serial.print(buttonsPins[4]);
      selected_order[x] = buttonsPins[4] + 3;
      button_pressed_4= true;
      x++;
    }  
    if(digitalRead(buttonsPins[5]) == HIGH && !button_pressed_5) {
      Serial.println("\n pressed");
      Serial.print("index: ");
      Serial.print(x);
      Serial.print("\n Pin: ");
      Serial.print(buttonsPins[5]);
      selected_order[x] = buttonsPins[5] + 1;
      button_pressed_5= true;
      x++;
    }  
    
  } while (x < rounds);

输出：

START GAME 

 variavel rodadas: 1
 variavel led (index): 0
 pine: 9
 pressionado
index: 0
 pine: 6
 variavel rodadas: 2
 variavel led (index): 0
 pine: 9
 variavel led (index): 1
 pine: 9
 variavel rodadas: 3
 variavel led (index): 0
 pine: 9
 variavel led (index): 1
 pine: 9

https://www.tinkercad.com/things/7hEbJLKvcWZ-jogo-de-memoria-com-leds/editel?returnTo=%2Fdashboard&sharecode=sDKxwsXDKKLwya_MJMM1tMz0lrFlFT1y2hpoWrYPgec

c arduino arduino-uno
1个回答
0
投票

嵌入式系统倾向于有效地存储数据，因此没有

int
数组，而是位字段。假设您正在处理 MCU 的 GPIO 端口而不是业余爱好者板上的某些连接器，那么这将直接对应于 
PORTn
寄存器（在 AVR MCU 上）。

例如，假设 LED 位于 PORTA 引脚 1、2、3 上：

#define PORTA_PIN1 (1u << 0)
#define PORTA_PIN2 (1u << 1)
#define PORTA_PIN3 (1u << 2)
...
const uint8_t ledPins = {PORTA_PIN1, PORTA_PIN2, PORTA_PIN3};
...

// Activate all LEDs at the same time, no loops necessary:
PORTA = ledPins;

类似地，您不会使用 

bool
数组、按钮数组等，而是使用位字段。我们正在谈论的是仍在生产中的最糟糕的古董 MCU 之一；我们没有海量的 RAM 和闪存。

所以：

uint8_t button_pressed = 0;
...
if(PORTX & PORTX_PIN1) // wherever the button happens to be located
  button_pressed |= PORTX_PIN1;
else
  button_pressed &= ~PORTX_PIN1;

（但也可以消除按钮弹跳并提供拉电阻。但那是另一个故事了。）

一般来说，嵌入式系统仅使用

stdint.h
中的类型，因为它们是固定大小且可移植的。像 
int
等朴素的默认类型永远不会被使用。它不仅是 16 位，而且还是有符号的，这通常是我们在进行硬件相关编程时要避免的事情，因为有符号变量不能与按位算术很好地混合。

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