您可以使用 OWL 2 函数式语法根据另一个人的属性来断言对象属性吗？

Question

假设我们有以下声明：

Declaration(ObjectProperty(:likes))

Declaration( NamedIndividual(:John))
Declaration( NamedIndividual(:George) )
Declaration( NamedIndividual(:Fishing))

以及以下断言：

ObjectPropertyAssertion(:likes :John :Fishing)

有没有办法断言乔治不喜欢约翰喜欢的任何东西？

我想到了以下几点：

NegativeObjectPropertyAssertion(
  :likes
  :George
  ObjectHasValue(
     ObjectInverseOf(:likes)
     :John
  )
)

但是我无法在 Protege 中加载上述本体，所以我认为语法不正确。

Answer 1

ObjectPropertyAssertions（分别为 NegativeObjectPropertyAssertions）只能对 2 个个体之间关系的存在（分别为不存在）做出断言。您想要做的是使用属性断言定义个体和类之间的关系。这是不可能的。

但是，您可以定义

john

喜欢的事物类别，如下所示：

EquivalentClasses(JohnLikes ObjectSomeValuesFrom(ObjectInverseOf(likes>) ObjectOneOf(john))) 

请注意，如果您希望列出

john

喜欢的活动，则必须为班级

ObjectSomeValuesFrom(ObjectInverseOf(likes>) ObjectOneOf(john))

指定名称 - 在本例中为

JohnLikes

。这是因为推理器仅对命名类而不是匿名类进行推断。

那么

george

喜欢的活动将是

john

不喜欢的活动（即

not JohnLikes

）。

这里是一个示例本体，定义了一些已知的活动以及

john

喜欢和不喜欢的活动：

Ontology(<http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178>

Declaration(Class(<http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#Activity>))
Declaration(Class(<http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#GeorgeLikes>))
Declaration(Class(<http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#JohnLikes>))
Declaration(Class(<http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#Person>))
Declaration(ObjectProperty(<http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#likes>))
Declaration(NamedIndividual(<http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#chess>))
Declaration(NamedIndividual(<http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#fishing>))
Declaration(NamedIndividual(<http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#george>))
Declaration(NamedIndividual(<http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#hiking>))
Declaration(NamedIndividual(<http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#john>))
Declaration(NamedIndividual(<http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#reading>))

############################
#   Classes
############################

# Class: <http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#Activity> (<http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#Activity>)

EquivalentClasses(<http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#Activity> ObjectOneOf(<http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#chess> <http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#fishing> <http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#hiking> <http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#reading>))
DisjointClasses(<http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#Activity> <http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#Person>)

# Class: <http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#GeorgeLikes> (<http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#GeorgeLikes>)

EquivalentClasses(<http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#GeorgeLikes> ObjectComplementOf(<http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#JohnLikes>))

# Class: <http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#JohnLikes> (<http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#JohnLikes>)

EquivalentClasses(<http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#JohnLikes> ObjectSomeValuesFrom(ObjectInverseOf(<http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#likes>) ObjectOneOf(<http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#john>)))


############################
#   Named Individuals
############################

# Individual: <http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#chess> (<http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#chess>)

ClassAssertion(<http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#Activity> <http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#chess>)

# Individual: <http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#fishing> (<http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#fishing>)

ClassAssertion(<http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#Activity> <http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#fishing>)

# Individual: <http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#george> (<http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#george>)

ClassAssertion(<http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#Person> <http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#george>)

# Individual: <http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#hiking> (<http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#hiking>)

ClassAssertion(<http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#Activity> <http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#hiking>)

# Individual: <http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#john> (<http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#john>)

ClassAssertion(<http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#Person> <http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#john>)
ObjectPropertyAssertion(<http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#likes> <http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#john> <http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#chess>)
ObjectPropertyAssertion(<http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#likes> <http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#john> <http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#reading>)
NegativeObjectPropertyAssertion(<http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#likes> <http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#john> <http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#fishing>)
NegativeObjectPropertyAssertion(<http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#likes> <http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#john> <http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#hiking>)

# Individual: <http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#reading> (<http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#reading>)

ClassAssertion(<http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#Activity> <http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#reading>)


DifferentIndividuals(<http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#chess> <http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#fishing> <http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#george> <http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#hiking> <http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#john> <http://www.semanticweb.org/SO77732178#reading>)
)