我尝试测试用Hibernate + Spring编写的DAO类。我在Web应用程序和测试中使用Java配置，但是现在当我尝试编写测试时，遇到了一些麻烦。如何编写Junit测试的配置以使其正常工作？我的主要配置文件如下：
@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.foxminded.university")
@PropertySource("classpath:config.properties")
@EnableWebMvc
@EnableTransactionManagement
public class ContextConfig {
@Bean
public static PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer propertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer() {
return new PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer();
}
@Bean
public static DataSource getDataSource() {
SimpleDriverDataSource dataSource = new SimpleDriverDataSource();
dataSource.setDriverClass(org.postgresql.Driver.class);
dataSource.setUrl("jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/University");
dataSource.setUsername("postgres");
dataSource.setPassword("qwerty123");
return dataSource;
}
@Bean
public SessionFactory sessionFactory(DataSource dataSource) {
org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration configuration = new org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration();
configuration.addAnnotatedClass(Audience.class);
configuration.addAnnotatedClass(Cathedra.class);
configuration.addAnnotatedClass(Faculty.class);
configuration.addAnnotatedClass(Group.class);
configuration.addAnnotatedClass(Lecture.class);
configuration.addAnnotatedClass(Student.class);
configuration.addAnnotatedClass(Subject.class);
configuration.addAnnotatedClass(Teacher.class);
configuration.setProperty("hibernate.dialect", "org.hibernate.dialect.PostgreSQL9Dialect");
configuration.setProperty("show_sql", "true");
configuration.setProperty("hibernate.current_session_context_class", "org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.SpringSessionContext");
StandardServiceRegistryBuilder builder = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(configuration.getProperties());
builder.applySetting(Environment.DATASOURCE, dataSource);
return configuration.buildSessionFactory(builder.build());
}
@Bean
public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager(SessionFactory sessionFactory) {
return new HibernateTransactionManager(sessionFactory);
}
/.../
和我要测试的DAO：
@Component
@Transactional
public class HibernateAudienceDao implements AudienceDao {
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HibernateAudienceDao.class);
private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
public HibernateAudienceDao(SessionFactory sessionFactory) {
this.sessionFactory = sessionFactory;
}
@Override
public List<Audience> findAll() {
logger.debug("Find all audience");
Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
List<Audience> audiences = session.createQuery("From Audience", Audience.class).list();
return audiences;
}
我现在测试的配置是：
@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.foxminded.university")
public class TestsContextConfig {
@Bean
SessionFactory sessionFactory() {
org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration configuration = new org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration();
configuration.addAnnotatedClass(Audience.class);
configuration.addAnnotatedClass(Cathedra.class);
configuration.addAnnotatedClass(Faculty.class);
configuration.addAnnotatedClass(Group.class);
configuration.addAnnotatedClass(Lecture.class);
configuration.addAnnotatedClass(Student.class);
configuration.addAnnotatedClass(Subject.class);
configuration.addAnnotatedClass(Teacher.class);
configuration.setProperty("hibernate.dialect", "org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect");
configuration.setProperty("hibernate.connection.driver_class", "org.h2.Driver");
configuration.setProperty("hibernate.connection.url", "jdbc:h2:mem:University");
configuration.setProperty("hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto", "create");
return configuration.buildSessionFactory();
}
@Bean
public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager(SessionFactory sessionFactory) {
return new HibernateTransactionManager(sessionFactory);
}
}
和测试班：
@ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
@WebAppConfiguration
@ContextConfiguration(classes = { TestsContextConfig.class })
@Transactional
class HibernateAudienceDaoTest {
@Autowired
private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
@Autowired
private AudienceDao audienceDao;
@Test
void whenFindAll_thenAllExistingAudiencesFound() {
List<Audience> expected = sessionFactory.openSession().createQuery("from Audience", Audience.class).list();
List<Audience> actual = audienceDao.findAll();
assertEquals(expected, actual);
}
和StackTrace：
java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:132)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:123)
at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.setUpRequestContextIfNecessary(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:190)
at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:132)
at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:244)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension.postProcessTestInstance(SpringExtension.java:98)
at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$invokeTestInstancePostProcessors$5(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:341)
at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.executeAndMaskThrowable(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:346)
at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$invokeTestInstancePostProcessors$6(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:341)
at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$3$1.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:195)
at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$2$1.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:177)
at java.base/java.util.ArrayList$ArrayListSpliterator.forEachRemaining(ArrayList.java:1621)
at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:484)
at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.wrapAndCopyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:474)
at java.base/java.util.stream.StreamSpliterators$WrappingSpliterator.forEachRemaining(StreamSpliterators.java:312)
at java.base/java.util.stream.Streams$ConcatSpliterator.forEachRemaining(Streams.java:735)
at java.base/java.util.stream.Streams$ConcatSpliterator.forEachRemaining(Streams.java:734)
at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$Head.forEach(ReferencePipeline.java:658)
at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.invokeTestInstancePostProcessors(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:340)
at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.instantiateAndPostProcessTestInstance(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:263)
at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$testInstancesProvider$2(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:256)
at java.base/java.util.Optional.orElseGet(Optional.java:362)
at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$testInstancesProvider$3(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:255)
at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.TestInstancesProvider.getTestInstances(TestInstancesProvider.java:29)
at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.lambda$prepare$0(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:108)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.prepare(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:107)
at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.prepare(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:71)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$prepare$1(NodeTestTask.java:107)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.prepare(NodeTestTask.java:107)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:75)
at java.base/java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1507)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.invokeAll(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:38)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$5(NodeTestTask.java:139)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$7(NodeTestTask.java:125)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:135)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$8(NodeTestTask.java:123)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:122)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:80)
at java.base/java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1507)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.invokeAll(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:38)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$5(NodeTestTask.java:139)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$7(NodeTestTask.java:125)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:135)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$8(NodeTestTask.java:123)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:122)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:80)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.submit(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:32)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.HierarchicalTestExecutor.execute(HierarchicalTestExecutor.java:57)
at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.HierarchicalTestEngine.execute(HierarchicalTestEngine.java:51)
at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:229)
at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.lambda$execute$6(DefaultLauncher.java:197)
at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.withInterceptedStreams(DefaultLauncher.java:211)
at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:191)
at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:137)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit5.runner.JUnit5TestReference.run(JUnit5TestReference.java:89)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:41)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:542)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:770)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:464)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:210)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'transactionManager' defined in com.foxminded.university.dao.hibernate.TestsContextConfig: Bean instantiation via factory method failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager]: Factory method 'transactionManager' threw exception; nested exception is org.hibernate.service.UnknownUnwrapTypeException: Cannot unwrap to requested type [javax.sql.DataSource]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiate(ConstructorResolver.java:656)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(ConstructorResolver.java:636)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1338)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBeanInstance(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1177)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:557)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:517)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:323)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:226)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:321)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:202)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:895)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:878)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:550)
at org.springframework.test.context.web.AbstractGenericWebContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericWebContextLoader.java:129)
at org.springframework.test.context.web.AbstractGenericWebContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericWebContextLoader.java:61)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.delegateLoading(AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:275)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:243)
at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:99)
at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:124)
... 65 more
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager]: Factory method 'transactionManager' threw exception; nested exception is org.hibernate.service.UnknownUnwrapTypeException: Cannot unwrap to requested type [javax.sql.DataSource]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.SimpleInstantiationStrategy.instantiate(SimpleInstantiationStrategy.java:185)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiate(ConstructorResolver.java:651)
... 83 more
Caused by: org.hibernate.service.UnknownUnwrapTypeException: Cannot unwrap to requested type [javax.sql.DataSource]
at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.DriverManagerConnectionProviderImpl.unwrap(DriverManagerConnectionProviderImpl.java:198)
at org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.SessionFactoryUtils.getDataSource(SessionFactoryUtils.java:202)
at org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.HibernateTransactionManager.afterPropertiesSet(HibernateTransactionManager.java:382)
at org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.HibernateTransactionManager.<init>(HibernateTransactionManager.java:153)
at com.foxminded.university.dao.hibernate.TestsContextConfig.transactionManager(TestsContextConfig.java:43)
at com.foxminded.university.dao.hibernate.TestsContextConfig$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$7f2bcc9d.CGLIB$transactionManager$1(<generated>)
at com.foxminded.university.dao.hibernate.TestsContextConfig$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$7f2bcc9d$$FastClassBySpringCGLIB$$4577d6b6.invoke(<generated>)
at org.springframework.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy.invokeSuper(MethodProxy.java:244)
at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassEnhancer$BeanMethodInterceptor.intercept(ConfigurationClassEnhancer.java:331)
at com.foxminded.university.dao.hibernate.TestsContextConfig$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$7f2bcc9d.transactionManager(<generated>)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:567)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.SimpleInstantiationStrategy.instantiate(SimpleInstantiationStrategy.java:154)
... 84 more
我试图使TestConfig看起来像main的ContextConfig，但是Exception是那样严格。如何在没有xml的情况下正确配置测试？
通常，我已经解决了。我所有的理由不是创建@Bean DataSource。最后，我只是@Import我的主要配置文件，看起来像在此链接https://www.concretepage.com/questions/469并仅“覆盖” bean数据源（因为在应用程序中我使用postgres，但在测试h2 db中使用）。现在，一切都OK