使用类和海龟时如何修复“AttributeError”？

Question

我正在尝试使用我相当熟悉的海龟和 OOP 来制作一个自然选择模拟器，这对我来说就像全新的一样好。我似乎无法找到我的具体问题的答案，这可能是因为我只是不明白它。 我的代码目前如下所示：

import turtle
import time
import random

turtle.speed(50)
turtle.setworldcoordinates(-50, -50, 1920, 1080)

class Creature: # This class contains the blueprint for the 'blob' creature.
    def __init__(self, speed, location_x, location_y):  # Initializes parameters.
        self.speed = speed                              # Speed of the blob.
        self.location_x = location_x                    # X coordinate of the blob, paired with y forms location.
        self.location_y = location_y                    # Y coordinate of the blob, ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    def spawn(self):
        turtle.penup()
        turtle.goto(Creature.location_x, Creature.location_y)   # Lets the turtle spawn in a random point.
        turtle.color("Blue")
        turtle.dot(20)
    def move(self):
        pass

class Apple: # This class contains the blueprint for the food (apples) that the blobs can eat.
    def __init__(self, location_x, location_y):
        self.location_x = location_x
        self.location_y = location_y
    def spawn(self):
        turtle.penup()
        turtle.goto(Apple.location_x, Apple.location_y)
        turtle.color("Red")
        turtle.dot(20)
    
blob1 =  Creature(1.5, random.randint(0, 1000), random.randint(0, 1000))
blob2 =  Creature(1.5, random.randint(0, 1000), random.randint(0, 1000))
blob3 =  Creature(1.5, random.randint(0, 1000), random.randint(0, 1000))
blob4 =  Creature(1.5, random.randint(0, 1000), random.randint(0, 1000))
blob5 =  Creature(1.5, random.randint(0, 1000), random.randint(0, 1000))
blob6 =  Creature(1.5, random.randint(0, 1000), random.randint(0, 1000))
blob7 =  Creature(1.5, random.randint(0, 1000), random.randint(0, 1000))
blob8 =  Creature(1.5, random.randint(0, 1000), random.randint(0, 1000))
blob9 =  Creature(1.5, random.randint(0, 1000), random.randint(0, 1000))
blob10 = Creature(1.5, random.randint(0, 1000), random.randint(0, 1000))

apple1 = Apple(random.randint(0, 1000), random.randint(0, 1000))
apple2 = Apple(random.randint(0, 1000), random.randint(0, 1000))
apple3 = Apple(random.randint(0, 1000), random.randint(0, 1000))
apple4 = Apple(random.randint(0, 1000), random.randint(0, 1000))
apple5 = Apple(random.randint(0, 1000), random.randint(0, 1000))

Creature.spawn(all)

Apple.spawn(all)

turtle.exitonclick()

我尝试过改变一些事情，但没有任何帮助。一个解释也会非常有帮助，以及一些关于如何防止自己将来遇到这个问题的建议。另外，我不知道是否可能，但是你能让你的程序创建一个类的实例吗？

Answer 1

你有一些错误，但离工作代码已经不远了。

首先，在

spawn()

函数中，您需要将

Creature.location_x

和

Apple.location_x

更改为

self.location_x

。对

.location_y

执行同样的操作。

---

您的下一期将称为

Creature.spawn()

和

Apple.spawn()

。这是调用类本身，但我们要调用类的实例的方法。

blobs = [Creature(1.5, random.randint(0, 1000), random.randint(0, 1000)) for x in range(10)]
apples = [Apple(random.randint(0, 1000), random.randint(0, 1000)) for x in range(5)]

我继续将您的

Creature

和

Apple

放入自己的列表中，因为这更容易处理。这本质上与十五行代码执行相同的操作，但只用了两行。

最后，我们循环遍历每个列表并调用每个

实例

的.spawn()方法。

for blob in blobs:
    blob.spawn()

for apple in apples:
    apple.spawn()

最终结果？

希望这有帮助！