django + virtualenv + gunicorn - 没有名为django.core.wsgi的模块？

Question

我在我的虚拟环境中安装了gunicorn：

$ pip install gunicorn
Collecting gunicorn
  Using cached gunicorn-19.7.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Installing collected packages: gunicorn
Successfully installed gunicorn-19.7.1

但是当我尝试用它运行我的应用程序时：

$ gunicorn helloapp.wsgi
[2017-05-18 22:42:36 +0000] [1963] [INFO] Starting gunicorn 19.6.0
[2017-05-18 22:42:36 +0000] [1963] [INFO] Listening at: http://127.0.0.1:8000 (1963)
[2017-05-18 22:42:36 +0000] [1963] [INFO] Using worker: sync
[2017-05-18 22:42:36 +0000] [1967] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 1967
[2017-05-18 22:42:36 +0000] [1967] [ERROR] Exception in worker process
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 557, in spawn_worker
    worker.init_process()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 126, in init_process
    self.load_wsgi()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 136, in load_wsgi
    self.wsgi = self.app.wsgi()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gunicorn/app/base.py", line 67, in wsgi
    self.callable = self.load()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 65, in load
    return self.load_wsgiapp()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 52, in load_wsgiapp
    return util.import_app(self.app_uri)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gunicorn/util.py", line 384, in import_app
    __import__(module)
  File "/var/www/html/django-project/helloapp/helloapp/wsgi.py", line 12, in <module>
    from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application
ImportError: No module named django.core.wsgi
[2017-05-18 22:42:36 +0000] [1967] [INFO] Worker exiting (pid: 1967)
[2017-05-18 22:42:36 +0000] [1963] [INFO] Shutting down: Master
[2017-05-18 22:42:36 +0000] [1963] [INFO] Reason: Worker failed to boot.

我做错了什么？

这是我的应用程序结构：

有任何想法吗？

这是我的要求.txt：

appdirs==1.4.3
Django==1.11.1
gunicorn==19.7.1
packaging==16.8
pyparsing==2.2.0
pytz==2017.2
six==1.10.0

编辑：

(env) xxx@xxx-desktop:/var/www/html/django-project/helloapp$ which gunicorn
/var/www/html/django-project/helloapp/env/bin/gunicorn

(env) xxx@xxx-desktop:/var/www/html/django-project/helloapp$ which pip
/var/www/html/django-project/helloapp/env/bin/pip

Answer 1

你应该按如下方式运行它：

gunicorn helloapp.wsgi:application 

• gunicorn的基本用法：

gunicorn [OPTIONS] APP_MODULE

APP_MODULE的模式是$(MODULE_NAME):$(VARIABLE_NAME)

Answer 2

在/etc/systemd/system/gunicorn.service中，确保您的工作目录指向您的应用程序目录。

[Unit]
Description=gunicorn daemon
After=network.target

[Service]
User=sammy
Group=www-data
WorkingDirectory=/home/sammy/myproject
ExecStart=/home/sammy/myproject/myprojectenv/bin/gunicorn --access-logfile - --workers 3 --bind unix:/home/sammy/myproject/myproject.sock myproject.wsgi:application

Answer 3

我有同样的问题，我通过删除安装系统包管理器（apt-get等）的gunicorn解决了它。

apt-get安装gunicorn到python2和pip的站点包安装Django到python3的site-packages。所以Gunicorn和Django不在同一个site-packages目录中。所以gunicorn找不到django。在同一个包dir中分析Gunicorn和Django应该可以解决问题。

Answer 4

错误的目录：

在调用之前检查当前目录然后cd到正确的目录。

例：

不正确：

~/project_name/main$ gunicorn3 --bind 0.0.0.0:8000 main.wsgi:application

正确：

~/project_name/main$ cd ..
~/project_name$ gunicorn3 --bind 0.0.0.0:8000 main.wsgi:application