我正在尝试在我的项目中添加添加新的UI集成测试用例（使用webdriver）。我的项目最初有硒版本2.42.0。我试图将版本更新为3.141.59，并观察到Maven测试失败。
运行mvn install后出现错误，测试用例失败，导致构建失败：
-------------------------------------------------------
T E S T S
-------------------------------------------------------
Running TestSuite
Configuring TestNG with: org.apache.maven.surefire.testng.conf.TestNG652Configurator@7a31ca20
org.apache.maven.surefire.util.SurefireReflectionException: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException; nested exception is java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException: null
java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.apache.maven.surefire.util.ReflectionUtils.invokeMethodWithArray(ReflectionUtils.java:189)
at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ProviderFactory$ProviderProxy.invoke(ProviderFactory.java:165)
at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ProviderFactory.invokeProvider(ProviderFactory.java:85)
at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ForkedBooter.runSuitesInProcess(ForkedBooter.java:115)
at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ForkedBooter.main(ForkedBooter.java:75)
Caused by: org.testng.TestNGException:
Cannot instantiate class com.symantec.epmp.scsem.web.management.controllers.SepUpgradeControllerTest
at org.testng.internal.ObjectFactoryImpl.newInstance(ObjectFactoryImpl.java:38)
at org.testng.internal.ClassHelper.createInstance1(ClassHelper.java:380)
at org.testng.internal.ClassHelper.createInstance(ClassHelper.java:293)
at org.testng.internal.ClassImpl.getDefaultInstance(ClassImpl.java:115)
at org.testng.internal.ClassImpl.getInstances(ClassImpl.java:200)
at org.testng.internal.TestNGClassFinder.<init>(TestNGClassFinder.java:120)
at org.testng.TestRunner.initMethods(TestRunner.java:409)
at org.testng.TestRunner.init(TestRunner.java:235)
at org.testng.TestRunner.init(TestRunner.java:205)
at org.testng.TestRunner.<init>(TestRunner.java:153)
at org.testng.SuiteRunner$DefaultTestRunnerFactory.newTestRunner(SuiteRunner.java:536)
at org.testng.SuiteRunner.init(SuiteRunner.java:159)
at org.testng.SuiteRunner.<init>(SuiteRunner.java:113)
at org.testng.TestNG.createSuiteRunner(TestNG.java:1299)
at org.testng.TestNG.createSuiteRunners(TestNG.java:1286)
at org.testng.TestNG.runSuitesLocally(TestNG.java:1140)
at org.testng.TestNG.run(TestNG.java:1057)
at org.apache.maven.surefire.testng.TestNGExecutor.run(TestNGExecutor.java:77)
at org.apache.maven.surefire.testng.TestNGDirectoryTestSuite.executeMulti(TestNGDirectoryTestSuite.java:159)
at org.apache.maven.surefire.testng.TestNGDirectoryTestSuite.execute(TestNGDirectoryTestSuite.java:99)
at org.apache.maven.surefire.testng.TestNGProvider.invoke(TestNGProvider.java:106)
... 9 more
Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
这是我与pom文件测试相关的依赖项设置：
2.42.0
<dependency>
<groupId>org.jmockit</groupId>
<artifactId>jmockit</artifactId>
<version>1.16</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.testng</groupId>
<artifactId>testng</artifactId>
<version>6.8.21</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hamcrest</groupId>
<artifactId>hamcrest-core</artifactId>
<version>1.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
<artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
<version>${selenium.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>xerces</groupId>
<artifactId>xercesImpl</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
<artifactId>selenium-api</artifactId>
<version>${selenium.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.seleniumhq.webdriver</groupId>
<artifactId>webdriver-selenium</artifactId>
<version>0.9.7376</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.assertj</groupId>
<artifactId>assertj-core</artifactId>
<version>2.0.0</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
<artifactId>selenium-chrome-driver</artifactId>
<version>${selenium.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
<artifactId>selenium-firefox-driver</artifactId>
<version>${selenium.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
<artifactId>selenium-ie-driver</artifactId>
<version>${selenium.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
<artifactId>selenium-safari-driver</artifactId>
<version>${selenium.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
我可以怀疑的一件事是您对硒的依赖性不匹配。
除去selenium-java依赖关系以外的所有与硒有关的依赖关系。其他是冗余依赖关系，可能会干扰也可能不会干扰运行。 selenium-java包含运行硒测试所需的所有子模块。
<dependency>
<groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
<artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
<version>${selenium.version}</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>xerces</groupId>
<artifactId>xercesImpl</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
如果需要自动管理驱动程序服务器可执行文件（例如：chromedriver.exe，gechodriver.exe），请看一下https://github.com/bonigarcia/webdrivermanager，它就像一个超级按钮。
timed out receiving message from renderer问题似乎是chromedriver本身的问题。https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromedriver/issues/detail?id=3332计划在chromedriver v83中修复。
但是，似乎有一些解决方法。
ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
options.setPageLoadStrategy(PageLoadStrategy.NONE);