为什么for循环可以初始化在Java中通过值传递的变量

Question

码：

 import java.util.Arrays;

class Heapify {
  int[] array;

  Heapify (int[] array){
   this.array = array;
  }


  public  void heap (int[] aArray){
    int left = 0;
    int right  = aArray.length - 1;
    int n = aArray.length;
    int numOfSwap  = 0;    
    heapify1(aArray, left, right, numOfSwap );  
  }  


  public void heapify1 (int[] aArray, int left, int right, int numOfSwap) {
    //from last one that have a child
    for (int i = (right - 1)/2; i > left - 1;  --i){  
      System.out.println("in heapify for loop with i =  " + i + "    number of swap: " + numOfSwap);
      if (aArray[2*i + 2] > aArray[i]) {//if right child is bigger than parent
        System.out.println("in heapify for loop and if #1: " + numOfSwap);
        swap(aArray, i, 2*i + 2, right, numOfSwap);
      }
      else if (aArray[2*i + 1] > aArray[i]){
        System.out.println("in heapify for loop and else if #2: " + numOfSwap);
        swap(aArray, i, 2*i + 1, right, numOfSwap);
      }
    }
  }


  public int swap (int[] aArray, int parent, int child, int right, int numOfSwap ){
    System.out.println("in swap before: " + numOfSwap );
    int temp = aArray[parent];
    aArray[parent] = aArray[child];
    aArray[child] = temp;
    numOfSwap  = numOfSwap  + 1;
    System.out.println("inswap after: " + numOfSwap );
    heapify1 (aArray, parent, right, numOfSwap );
    return numOfSwap;
  }


  public static void main(String args[]) {
    int[] array1 = new int[] {21,15,25,3,5,12,7,45,19,2,9};

    Heapify hs = new Heapify(array1);
    hs.heap(array1);
  }
}

结果打印值为：

in heapify: 0
in heapify for loop with i = 4    number of swap: 0
in heapify for loop and if #1: 0
in swap before: 0
inswap after: 1
in heapify: 1
in heapify for loop with i = 4    number of swap: 1
in heapify for loop with i = 3    number of swap: 0
in heapify for loop and if #1: 0
in swap before: 0
inswap after: 1
in heapify: 1
in heapify for loop with i = 4    number of swap: 1
in heapify for loop with i = 3    number of swap: 1
in heapify for loop and else if #2: 1
in swap before: 1
inswap after: 2
in heapify: 2
in heapify for loop with i = 4    number of swap: 2
in heapify for loop with i = 3    number of swap: 2
in heapify for loop with i = 2    number of swap: 0
in heapify for loop with i = 1    number of swap: 0
in heapify for loop and else if #2: 0

我不明白为什么swap将numOfSwap = 1传递给heapify1，但是在for循环中，第二次迭代，numOfSwap被覆盖了值0.另外为什么在后一种情况下，这种被覆盖的行为发生在第3次迭代？

我知道这可能是“pass-by-reference”或“pass-by-value”的问题，但真正令我困惑的一件事是，numOfSwap在交换中从0更新为1，再次调用heapify1将numOfSwap = 1成功传递给heapify1。但是为什么numOfSwap在迭代后在for循环中初始化？

Answer 1

heapify1方法有两种不同的背景。

一个是用heapify1(aArray, left, right, numOfSwap );方法调用heap。在这种情况下，numOfSwap为0，并保持为0.在此上下文中，执行for循环。它可能看起来像“在迭代后在for循环中初始化numOfSwap？”，但事实并非如此。该值永远不会被修改并保持为0。

另一个上下文是在heapify1 (aArray, parent, right, numOfSwap );方法中调用swap时，所以说“交换调用heapify1再次将numOfSwap = 1传递给heapify1成功”。但是这些传递的值仅在此上下文中使用，并且与所提及的第一个上下文无关，并且不会修改为0的numOfSwap的值。