变量中带有特殊字符的奇怪 xargs 行为

Question

我在 bash 脚本中遇到了 xargs 的奇怪行为，当将其放置在带有特殊字符的变量中间时，替换不再起作用。请参阅以下内容：

#!/bin/bash

url=https://myhostname.com/endpoint/
parameters="?Policy=1&KeyPairId=aaaaa&Signature=aa~UhFXhFy-DalIcQDq~Hfd-b57cm~~kkKfV6~ly1lapp0Elu1N84WKHh7Y4sjR2saA9cx2gJF8jTEUVsimQ21zBbyQE46-pPHyePAB1bV9nVfZ6euU14ovWyZazd3FyjGaN7qVSA5ntf8RUfUCo7Asc0Gilf0FJzzlMtI38hSWj3wGC-4B-7ANrA__&Key-Pair-Id=YYY"

echo 1 2 3 | xargs -n1 -I{} echo $url{}$parameters -o {}

结果：

https://myhostname.com/endpoint/{}?Policy=1&KeyPairId=aaaaa&Signature=aa~UhFXhFy-DalIcQDq~Hfd-b57cm~~kkKfV6~ly1lapp0Elu1N84WKHh7Y4sjR2saA9cx2gJF8jTEUVsimQ21zBbyQE46-pPHyePAB1bV9nVfZ6euU14ovWyZazd3FyjGaN7qVSA5ntf8RUfUCo7Asc0Gilf0FJzzlMtI38hSWj3wGC-4B-7ANr -o 1
https://myhostname.com/endpoint/{}?Policy=1&KeyPairId=aaaaa&Signature=aa~UhFXhFy-DalIcQDq~Hfd-b57cm~~kkKfV6~ly1lapp0Elu1N84WKHh7Y4sjR2saA9cx2gJF8jTEUVsimQ21zBbyQE46-pPHyePAB1bV9nVfZ6euU14ovWyZazd3FyjGaN7qVSA5ntf8RUfUCo7Asc0Gilf0FJzzlMtI38hSWj3wGC-4B-7ANr -o 2
https://myhostname.com/endpoint/{}?Policy=1&KeyPairId=aaaaa&Signature=aa~UhFXhFy-DalIcQDq~Hfd-b57cm~~kkKfV6~ly1lapp0Elu1N84WKHh7Y4sjR2saA9cx2gJF8jTEUVsimQ21zBbyQE46-pPHyePAB1bV9nVfZ6euU14ovWyZazd3FyjGaN7qVSA5ntf8RUfUCo7Asc0Gilf0FJzzlMtI38hSWj3wGC-4B-7ANr -o 3

请注意

1

2

和

3

没有显示，而是端点中的文字 {}。

我确定它是参数，因为当我删除一些字符时，它起作用了：

#!/bin/bash

url=https://myhostname.com/endpoint/
parameters="?Policy=1&KeyPairId=aaaaa&Signature=aa~UhFXhFy-DalIcQDq~Hfd-b57cm~~kkKfV6~ly1lapp0Elu1N84WKHh7Y4sjR2saA9cx2gJF8jTEUVsimQ21zBbyQE46-WyZazd3FyjGaN7qVSA5ntf8RUfUCo7Asc0Gilf0FJzzlMtI38hSWj3wGC-4B-7ANrA__&Key-Pair-Id=YYY"


echo 1 2 3 | xargs -n1 -I{} echo $url{}$parameters -o {}

https://myhostname.com/endpoint/1?Policy=1&KeyPairId=aaaaa&Signature=aa~UhFXhFy-DalIcQDq~Hfd-b57cm~~kkKfV6~ly1lapp0Elu1N84WKHh7Y4sjR2saA9cx2gJF8jTEUVsimQ21zBbyQE46-WyZazd3FyjGaN7qVSA5ntf8RUfUCo7Asc0Gilf0FJzzlMtI38hSWj3wGC-4B-7ANrA__&Key-Pair-Id=YYY -o 1
https://myhostname.com/endpoint/2?Policy=1&KeyPairId=aaaaa&Signature=aa~UhFXhFy-DalIcQDq~Hfd-b57cm~~kkKfV6~ly1lapp0Elu1N84WKHh7Y4sjR2saA9cx2gJF8jTEUVsimQ21zBbyQE46-WyZazd3FyjGaN7qVSA5ntf8RUfUCo7Asc0Gilf0FJzzlMtI38hSWj3wGC-4B-7ANrA__&Key-Pair-Id=YYY -o 2
https://myhostname.com/endpoint/3?Policy=1&KeyPairId=aaaaa&Signature=aa~UhFXhFy-DalIcQDq~Hfd-b57cm~~kkKfV6~ly1lapp0Elu1N84WKHh7Y4sjR2saA9cx2gJF8jTEUVsimQ21zBbyQE46-WyZazd3FyjGaN7qVSA5ntf8RUfUCo7Asc0Gilf0FJzzlMtI38hSWj3wGC-4B-7ANrA__&Key-Pair-Id=YYY -o 3

注意 1、2 和 3 在那里。

我使用的是 MacOS。此行为似乎特定于 Mac 上的 xargs。这甚至不会在传递标志的 linux xargs 上运行。希望有一些建议如何使其可移植并在所有系统上工作。谢谢你。

Answer 1

来自手册页：

-I replstr
        Execute utility for each input line, replacing one or more
        occurrences of replstr in up to replacements (or 5 if no -R flag
        is specified) arguments to utility with the entire line of input.
        The resulting arguments, after replacement is done, will not be
        allowed to grow beyond replsize (or 255 if no -S flag is
        specified) bytes; this is implemented by concatenating as much of
        the argument containing replstr as possible, to the constructed
        arguments to utility, up to replsize bytes.  The size limit does
        not apply to arguments to utility which do not contain replstr,
        and furthermore, no replacement will be done on utility itself.
        Implies -x.

您的输出字符串超过 255 个字符，因此不会执行替换。添加一个大于最大可能输出字符串的

-S

选项。

$ echo 1 2 3 | xargs -n1 -I{} -S 500 echo "$url{}$parameters" -o {}
https://myhostname.com/endpoint/1?Policy=1&KeyPairId=aaaaa&Signature=aa~UhFXhFy-DalIcQDq~Hfd-b57cm~~kkKfV6~ly1lapp0Elu1N84WKHh7Y4sjR2saA9cx2gJF8jTEUVsimQ21zBbyQE46-pPHyePAB1bV9nVfZ6euU14ovWyZazd3FyjGaN7qVSA5ntf8RUfUCo7Asc0Gilf0FJzzlMtI38hSWj3wGC-4B-7ANrA__&Key-Pair-Id=YYY -o 1
https://myhostname.com/endpoint/2?Policy=1&KeyPairId=aaaaa&Signature=aa~UhFXhFy-DalIcQDq~Hfd-b57cm~~kkKfV6~ly1lapp0Elu1N84WKHh7Y4sjR2saA9cx2gJF8jTEUVsimQ21zBbyQE46-pPHyePAB1bV9nVfZ6euU14ovWyZazd3FyjGaN7qVSA5ntf8RUfUCo7Asc0Gilf0FJzzlMtI38hSWj3wGC-4B-7ANrA__&Key-Pair-Id=YYY -o 2
https://myhostname.com/endpoint/3?Policy=1&KeyPairId=aaaaa&Signature=aa~UhFXhFy-DalIcQDq~Hfd-b57cm~~kkKfV6~ly1lapp0Elu1N84WKHh7Y4sjR2saA9cx2gJF8jTEUVsimQ21zBbyQE46-pPHyePAB1bV9nVfZ6euU14ovWyZazd3FyjGaN7qVSA5ntf8RUfUCo7Asc0Gilf0FJzzlMtI38hSWj3wGC-4B-7ANrA__&Key-Pair-Id=YYY -o 3

还要记住引用变量以防止分词和通配符。