java.lang.IllegalStateException：无法加载ApplicationContext Spring Boot + JUnit 测试

问题描述 投票：0回答：2

我使用 JPA Hibernate 开发了一个 SpringBoot 应用程序，它运行得很好。现在我必须开始测试，老实说我不知道如何解决这个错误：

APPLICATION FAILED TO START
***************************

Description:
    Field playersRepository in model.RestService required a bean of type 'model.PlayersRepository' that could not be found.
Action:

Consider defining a bean of type 'model.PlayersRepository' in your configuration.

2018-08-23 13:16:51.009 ERROR 7327 --- [           main] o.s.test.context.TestContextManager      : Caught exception while allowing TestExecutionListener [org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener@50f6ac94] to prepare test instance [testing.ApplicationTestSuite@475b7792]

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
    at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:125) ~[spring-test-5.0.5.RELEASE.jar:5.0.5.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:108) ~[spring-test-5.0.5.RELEASE.jar:5.0.5.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.setUpRequestContextIfNecessary(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:190) ~[spring-test-5.0.5.RELEASE.jar:5.0.5.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:132) ~[spring-test-5.0.5.RELEASE.jar:5.0.5.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:246) ~[spring-test-5.0.5.RELEASE.jar:5.0.5.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:227) [spring-test-5.0.5.RELEASE.jar:5.0.5.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289) [spring-test-5.0.5.RELEASE.jar:5.0.5.RELEASE]
    at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:291) [spring-test-5.0.5.RELEASE.jar:5.0.5.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:246) [spring-test-5.0.5.RELEASE.jar:5.0.5.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:97) [spring-test-5.0.5.RELEASE.jar:5.0.5.RELEASE]
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
    at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:26) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61) [spring-test-5.0.5.RELEASE.jar:5.0.5.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70) [spring-test-5.0.5.RELEASE.jar:5.0.5.RELEASE]
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363) [junit-4.12.jar:4.12]
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:190) [spring-test-5.0.5.RELEASE.jar:5.0.5.RELEASE]
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:86) [.cp/:na]
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38) [.cp/:na]
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:538) [.cp/:na]
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:760) [.cp/:na]
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:460) [.cp/:na]
    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:206) [.cp/:na]
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'restService': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'playersRepository'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'model.PlayersRepository' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:587) ~[spring-beans-5.0.5.RELEASE.jar:5.0.5.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:91) ~[spring-beans-5.0.5.RELEASE.jar:5.0.5.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:373) ~[spring-beans-5.0.5.RELEASE.jar:5.0.5.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1344) ~[spring-beans-5.0.5.RELEASE.jar:5.0.5.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:578) ~[spring-beans-5.0.5.RELEASE.jar:5.0.5.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:501) ~[spring-beans-5.0.5.RELEASE.jar:5.0.5.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:317) ~[spring-beans-5.0.5.RELEASE.jar:5.0.5.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:228) ~[spring-beans-5.0.5.RELEASE.jar:5.0.5.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:315) ~[spring-beans-5.0.5.RELEASE.jar:5.0.5.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:199) ~[spring-beans-5.0.5.RELEASE.jar:5.0.5.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:760) ~[spring-beans-5.0.5.RELEASE.jar:5.0.5.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:869) ~[spring-context-5.0.5.RELEASE.jar:5.0.5.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:550) ~[spring-context-5.0.5.RELEASE.jar:5.0.5.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:759) ~[spring-boot-2.0.1.RELEASE.jar:2.0.1.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:395) ~[spring-boot-2.0.1.RELEASE.jar:2.0.1.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:327) ~[spring-boot-2.0.1.RELEASE.jar:2.0.1.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootContextLoader.loadContext(SpringBootContextLoader.java:138) ~[spring-boot-test-2.0.1.RELEASE.jar:2.0.1.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:99) ~[spring-test-5.0.5.RELEASE.jar:5.0.5.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:117) ~[spring-test-5.0.5.RELEASE.jar:5.0.5.RELEASE]
    ... 26 common frames omitted
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'model.PlayersRepository' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1509) ~[spring-beans-5.0.5.RELEASE.jar:5.0.5.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1104) ~[spring-beans-5.0.5.RELEASE.jar:5.0.5.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1065) ~[spring-beans-5.0.5.RELEASE.jar:5.0.5.RELEASE]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:584) ~[spring-beans-5.0.5.RELEASE.jar:5.0.5.RELEASE]
    ... 44 common frames omitted

我有这个课程用于测试：

package testing;

import model.*;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;


@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes=RestService.class)
public class ApplicationTestSuite {
@Autowired 
RestService restService;
private static Date start, end;
private static CTF ctf;


@BeforeClass
public static void setup() {
    start=new Date();
    end= new Date();
    end.UTC(2018, 9, 21, 10, 00, 00);
    ctf= new CTF("CTF test", start, end, null);
}



@Test
public void Ninstance() {

    restService.saveCTF(ctf);
    assertTrue(restService.getCtf().getName() == "CTF test");

}
}

我正在尝试测试 RestService，即：

@RestController
public class RestService {

@Autowired
private PlayersRepository playersRepository;
//and other repositories

//methods that use repositories
}

我的玩家存储库是：

@Repository
public interface PlayersRepository extends CrudRepository<Player, Long> {

List<Player> findAll();
//and other methods
}

我已经看到了这个答案，但我没有找到解决方案。我应该更改或添加什么？以前从来没有用过这种东西，请善待。

spring-boot jpa junit
2个回答
8
投票

在您的测试类中，您将应用程序上下文限制为特定的 

Service
类：

@SpringBootTest(classes=RestService.class)

因此您的 Repository 组件未加载并添加到 Spring 容器中。
要执行集成测试，您可以将 Spring Boot 应用程序类指定为应用程序上下文。
不，这是默认行为，因为没有指定任何内容（所以只是

@SpringBootTest
）并且单元测试类的包与应用程序的 Spring Boot 测试类的包相同或位于应用程序的 Spring Boot 测试类的包内。

0
投票

对于那些搜索错误并最终出现在这里的人来说，除了OP发生的情况之外，还有其他情况可能导致这种情况。我知道两个：

1 - 您在配置文件中创建了一个新的环境变量。您还必须在测试的配置文件中实现它，否则您将收到此错误。

2 - 您在构造函数或 PostConstruct 内部开始抛出异常。跟踪异常并修复其原因或使用 try-catch 块处理它（抛出不会执行），此错误将被修复。

例如，在下面的代码中，在启动期间进行 API 调用。如果在 try-catch 块之外发生超时，则会引发异常，并且应用程序将无法启动，从而导致测试失败。这里我有固定代码：

@PostConstruct
@Scheduled(cron = " 0 0 12 1/1 * ?")
public void updatePaises() {
    log.debug("updatePaises com dados do IBGE");
    try {
        ResponseEntity<List<PaisIBGE>> exchange = restTemplate.exchange(
            API_URL + "/paises",
            HttpMethod.GET,
            null,
            new ParameterizedTypeReference<>() {}
        );
        if (exchange.getStatusCode().equals(HttpStatus.OK)) {
            paisIBGERepository.saveAll(Objects.requireNonNull(exchange.getBody()));
        } else {
            log.error("Erro ao atualizar países, código: " + exchange.getStatusCode() + " - " + exchange.getBody());
        }
    } catch (Exception e) {
        log.error("Ocorreu algum erro inesperado ao atualizar países");
    }
}
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