我正在尝试在heroku 上部署django 应用程序。我使用码头工人和诗歌。我有一个问题，因为在 dockerfile 中我安装诗歌并使用诗歌安装依赖项。在本地它工作正常，但是当我想在heroku上部署时，依赖项没有安装。只输入如下代码：
“RUN pip install -rrequirements.txt”安装heroku上的依赖项（我使用诗歌导出创建了requirements.txt文件）。
我是否应该为开发和生产提供两个不同的 Dockerfile，其中一个使用诗歌，另一个使用 pip 安装要求？或者我应该使用多阶段 Dockerfile 还是您有其他建议？
我的 Dockerfile 与 potery：
FROM python:3.11-alpine
WORKDIR /code
ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED 1
ENV PATH "/root/.local/bin:$PATH"
RUN apk add --no-cache curl \
&& curl -sSL https://install.python-poetry.org | python3 - \
&& apk add --no-cache postgresql-dev musl-dev
COPY poetry.lock pyproject.toml /code/
RUN poetry install --no-root
COPY . /code/
RUN poetry install
heroku.yml：
build:
docker:
web: backend/Dockerfile
run:
web: gunicorn core.wsgi:application --bind 0.0.0.0:$PORT
部署的输出：
$ git push heroku main
Enumerating objects: 9, done.
Counting objects: 100% (9/9), done.
Delta compression using up to 12 threads
Compressing objects: 100% (6/6), done.
Writing objects: 100% (6/6), 1.09 KiB | 1.09 MiB/s, done.
Total 6 (delta 3), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0
remote: Updated 63 paths from 075607f
remote: Compressing source files... done.
remote: Building source:
remote: Waiting on build...
remote: Waiting on build... (elapsed: 6s)
remote: Waiting on build... (elapsed: 9s)
remote: Waiting on build... (elapsed: 12s)
remote: === Fetching app code
remote:
remote: === Building web (backend/Dockerfile)
remote:
remote: Sending build context to Docker daemon 53.76kB
remote: Step 1/10 : FROM python:3.11-alpine
remote: 3.11-alpine: Pulling from library/python
remote: 4abcf2066143: Pulling fs layer
remote: c3cdf40b8bda: Pulling fs layer
remote: ac499ccf2147: Pulling fs layer
remote: 416bfceb623e: Pulling fs layer
remote: 76351c33299b: Pulling fs layer
remote: 416bfceb623e: Waiting
remote: 76351c33299b: Waiting
remote: c3cdf40b8bda: Download complete
remote: 4abcf2066143: Verifying Checksum
remote: 4abcf2066143: Download complete
remote: 416bfceb623e: Download complete
remote: ac499ccf2147: Verifying Checksum
remote: ac499ccf2147: Download complete
remote: 76351c33299b: Verifying Checksum
remote: 76351c33299b: Download complete
remote: 4abcf2066143: Pull complete
remote: c3cdf40b8bda: Pull complete
remote: ac499ccf2147: Pull complete
remote: 416bfceb623e: Pull complete
remote: 76351c33299b: Pull complete
remote: Digest: sha256:0b5ed25d3cc27cd35c7b0352bac8ef2ebc8dd3da72a0c03caaf4eb15d9ec827a
remote: Status: Downloaded newer image for python:3.11-alpine
remote: ---> 10333afc009e
remote: Step 2/10 : WORKDIR /code
remote: ---> Running in ed5fbef22730
remote: Removing intermediate container ed5fbef22730
remote: ---> e217b7efac9b
remote: Step 3/10 : ENV DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE core.settings
remote: ---> Running in 35d73be810f5
remote: Removing intermediate container 35d73be810f5
remote: ---> 06f7f12a8f60
remote: Step 4/10 : ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED 1
remote: ---> Running in 13220906f1c2
remote: Removing intermediate container 13220906f1c2
remote: ---> c7fd5fadf540
remote: Step 5/10 : ENV PATH "/root/.local/bin:$PATH"
remote: ---> Running in 747dae6a957b
remote: Removing intermediate container 747dae6a957b
remote: ---> da2b7e7bfd6a
remote: Step 6/10 : RUN apk add --no-cache curl && curl -sSL https://install.python-poetry.org | python3 - && apk add --no-cache postgresql-dev musl-dev
remote: ---> Running in f57663dadafc
remote: fetch https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.19/main/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz
remote: fetch https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.19/community/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz
remote: (1/7) Installing brotli-libs (1.1.0-r1)
remote: (2/7) Installing c-ares (1.27.0-r0)
remote: (3/7) Installing libunistring (1.1-r2)
remote: (4/7) Installing libidn2 (2.3.4-r4)
remote: (5/7) Installing nghttp2-libs (1.58.0-r0)
remote: (6/7) Installing libcurl (8.5.0-r0)
remote: (7/7) Installing curl (8.5.0-r0)
remote: Executing busybox-1.36.1-r15.trigger
remote: OK: 20 MiB in 45 packages
remote: Retrieving Poetry metadata
remote:
remote: # Welcome to Poetry!
remote:
remote: This will download and install the latest version of Poetry,
remote: a dependency and package manager for Python.
remote:
remote: It will add the `poetry` command to Poetry s bin directory, located at:
remote:
remote: /root/.local/bin
remote:
remote: You can uninstall at any time by executing this script with the --uninstall option,
remote: and these changes will be reverted.
remote:
remote: Installing Poetry (1.8.2)
remote: Installing Poetry (1.8.2): Creating environment
remote: Installing Poetry (1.8.2): Installing Poetry
remote: Installing Poetry (1.8.2): Creating script
remote: Installing Poetry (1.8.2): Done
remote:
remote: Poetry (1.8.2) is installed now. Great!
remote:
remote: You can test that everything is set up by executing:
remote:
remote: `poetry --version`
remote:
remote: fetch https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.19/main/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz
remote: fetch https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.19/community/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz
remote: (1/39) Upgrading libcrypto3 (3.1.4-r5 -> 3.1.4-r6)
remote: (2/39) Upgrading libssl3 (3.1.4-r5 -> 3.1.4-r6)
remote: (3/39) Installing musl-dev (1.2.4_git20230717-r4)
remote: (4/39) Installing libpq (16.2-r1)
remote: (5/39) Installing pkgconf (2.1.0-r0)
remote: (6/39) Installing openssl-dev (3.1.4-r6)
remote: (7/39) Installing libpq-dev (16.2-r1)
remote: (8/39) Installing libecpg (16.2-r1)
remote: (9/39) Installing libecpg-dev (16.2-r1)
remote: (10/39) Installing fortify-headers (1.1-r3)
remote: (11/39) Installing clang15-headers (15.0.7-r18)
remote: (12/39) Installing libgcc (13.2.1_git20231014-r0)
remote: (13/39) Installing libstdc++ (13.2.1_git20231014-r0)
remote: (14/39) Installing libxml2 (2.11.7-r0)
remote: (15/39) Installing zstd-libs (1.5.5-r8)
remote: (16/39) Installing llvm15-libs (15.0.7-r12)
remote: (17/39) Installing clang15-libs (15.0.7-r18)
remote: (18/39) Installing jansson (2.14-r4)
remote: (19/39) Installing binutils (2.41-r0)
remote: (20/39) Installing libgomp (13.2.1_git20231014-r0)
remote: (21/39) Installing libatomic (13.2.1_git20231014-r0)
remote: (22/39) Installing gmp (6.3.0-r0)
remote: (23/39) Installing isl26 (0.26-r1)
remote: (24/39) Installing mpfr4 (4.2.1-r0)
remote: (25/39) Installing mpc1 (1.3.1-r1)
remote: (26/39) Installing gcc (13.2.1_git20231014-r0)
remote: (27/39) Installing libstdc++-dev (13.2.1_git20231014-r0)
remote: (28/39) Installing clang15-libclang (15.0.7-r18)
remote: (29/39) Installing clang15 (15.0.7-r18)
remote: (30/39) Installing icu-data-en (74.1-r0)
remote: Executing icu-data-en-74.1-r0.post-install
remote: *
remote: * If you need ICU with non-English locales and legacy charset support, install
remote: * package icu-data-full.
remote: *
remote: (31/39) Installing icu-libs (74.1-r0)
remote: (32/39) Installing icu (74.1-r0)
remote: (33/39) Installing icu-dev (74.1-r0)
remote: (34/39) Installing llvm15 (15.0.7-r12)
remote: (35/39) Installing lz4-libs (1.9.4-r5)
remote: (36/39) Installing lz4-dev (1.9.4-r5)
remote: (37/39) Installing zstd (1.5.5-r8)
remote: (38/39) Installing zstd-dev (1.5.5-r8)
remote: (39/39) Installing postgresql16-dev (16.2-r1)
remote: Executing busybox-1.36.1-r15.trigger
remote: Executing ca-certificates-20230506-r0.trigger
remote: OK: 534 MiB in 82 packages
remote: Removing intermediate container f57663dadafc
remote: ---> 0e39b87928ff
remote: Step 7/10 : COPY poetry.lock pyproject.toml /code/
remote: ---> 2d0fae435427
remote: Step 8/10 : RUN poetry install --no-root
remote: ---> Running in 5ba8992a62d2
remote: Creating virtualenv backend-MATOk_fk-py3.11 in /root/.cache/pypoetry/virtualenvs
remote: Installing dependencies from lock file
remote:
remote: Package operations: 25 installs, 0 updates, 0 removals
remote:
remote: - Installing asgiref (3.8.1)
remote: - Installing sqlparse (0.5.0)
remote: - Installing django (5.0.4)
remote: - Installing iniconfig (2.0.0)
remote: - Installing packaging (24.0)
remote: - Installing pluggy (1.4.0)
remote: - Installing djangorestframework (3.15.1)
remote: - Installing inflection (0.5.1)
remote: - Installing mccabe (0.7.0)
remote: - Installing mypy-extensions (1.0.0)
remote: - Installing pycodestyle (2.11.1)
remote: - Installing pyflakes (3.2.0)
remote: - Installing pytest (8.1.1)
remote: - Installing pytz (2024.1)
remote: - Installing pyyaml (6.0.1)
remote: - Installing typing-extensions (4.11.0)
remote: - Installing uritemplate (4.1.1)
remote: - Installing dj-database-url (2.1.0)
remote: - Installing drf-yasg (1.21.7)
remote: - Installing flake8 (7.0.0)
remote: - Installing gunicorn (22.0.0)
remote: - Installing mypy (1.9.0)
remote: - Installing psycopg2 (2.9.9)
remote: - Installing pytest-django (4.8.0)
remote: - Installing python-dotenv (1.0.1)
remote: Removing intermediate container 5ba8992a62d2
remote: ---> 2c51709ee889
remote: Step 9/10 : COPY . /code/
remote: ---> a3af2a6c5b5c
remote: Step 10/10 : RUN poetry install
remote: ---> Running in 3ecd2f328645
remote: Installing dependencies from lock file
remote:
remote: No dependencies to install or update
remote:
remote: Installing the current project: backend (0.1.0)
remote:
remote: Warning: The current project could not be installed: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/code/README.md'
remote: If you do not want to install the current project use --no-root.
remote: If you want to use Poetry only for dependency management but not for packaging, you can disable package mode by setting package-mode = false in your pyproject.toml file.
remote: In a future version of Poetry this warning will become an error!
remote: Removing intermediate container 3ecd2f328645
remote: ---> 542545ea1195
remote: Successfully built 542545ea1195
remote: Successfully tagged a31f1f813825dc98a956f33b6a3822912f137c40:latest
remote:
remote: === Pushing web (backend/Dockerfile)
remote: Tagged image "a31f1f813825dc98a956f33b6a3822912f137c40" as "registry.heroku.com/wanderer-test/web"
remote: Using default tag: latest
remote: The push refers to repository [registry.heroku.com/wanderer-test/web]
remote: 1e4eca4bbbe5: Preparing
remote: 115e0e85b9ba: Preparing
remote: 81bae2c8c9e6: Preparing
remote: bab36042a757: Preparing
remote: 08bf6ffaa8ac: Preparing
remote: 4a770d99ce52: Preparing
remote: dbf59eaac1dd: Preparing
remote: ed829bc3e4b2: Preparing
remote: 4c9c2b9681ab: Preparing
remote: d4fc045c9e3a: Preparing
remote: 4a770d99ce52: Waiting
remote: dbf59eaac1dd: Waiting
remote: ed829bc3e4b2: Waiting
remote: 4c9c2b9681ab: Waiting
remote: d4fc045c9e3a: Waiting
remote: 08bf6ffaa8ac: Pushed
remote: 81bae2c8c9e6: Pushed
remote: 1e4eca4bbbe5: Pushed
remote: 4a770d99ce52: Layer already exists
remote: dbf59eaac1dd: Layer already exists
remote: ed829bc3e4b2: Layer already exists
remote: d4fc045c9e3a: Layer already exists
remote: 4c9c2b9681ab: Layer already exists
remote: 115e0e85b9ba: Pushed
remote: bab36042a757: Pushed
remote: latest: digest: sha256:b9da90ba3205e3c005fee403be4f0e631cd41e1de27ef7c93a2a57d4c4d860c3 size: 2417
remote:
remote: Verifying deploy... done.
我相信你会被这个咬：
我们强烈建议以非 root 用户身份在本地测试镜像，因为容器在 Heroku 中不以 root 权限运行。
（文档继续解释如何做到这一点，但我不会将其复制到这里，因为它有点侧边栏。）
由于 Poetry 默认创建一个虚拟环境，这就是您的依赖项所在的位置。系统
pythonpip有几种可能的解决方案：
通过禁用 其
virtualenvs.create如果设置为
，Poetry 将不会创建新的虚拟环境。如果它检测到已启用的虚拟环境或false或{cache-dir}/virtualenvs中的现有虚拟环境，它将在其中安装依赖项，否则它将在系统 python 环境中安装依赖项。{project-dir}/.venv
一种方法是更改您的
RUNRUN poetry config virtualenvs.create false && poetry install
（旁注：我认为您不需要运行
poetry install--no-rootCOPY由于
heroku run poetry showwebpoetry runrun:
web: poetry run gunicorn core.wsgi:application --bind 0.0.0.0:$PORT
/root/
中的任何内容，我希望 Poetry 在由 root 用户运行时安装依赖项。