我过去已安装并成功运行了多个 Word 加载项，但现在使用相同的安装文件，它们遇到了相同的运行时错误。
作为控制测试，我使用 Word VSTO 插件模板（.Net 4.8、Any CPU、Word 2304、Visual Studio 17.7.6）创建了一个新项目，以下是尝试在调试中运行它时的错误日志：
Could not load file or assembly 'WordAddIn1, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null' or one of its dependencies. The system cannot find the file specified.
************** Exception Text **************
System.IO.FileNotFoundException: Could not load file or assembly 'WordAddIn1, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null' or one of its dependencies. The system cannot find the file specified.
File name: 'WordAddIn1, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null' ---> System.IO.FileNotFoundException: Could not load file or assembly 'WordAddIn1, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral' or one of its dependencies. The system cannot find the file specified.
File name: 'WordAddIn1, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral'
=== Pre-bind state information ===
LOG: DisplayName = WordAddIn1, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, processorArchitecture=MSIL
(Partial)
WRN: Partial binding information was supplied for an assembly:
WRN: Assembly Name: WordAddIn1, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, processorArchitecture=MSIL | Domain ID: 2
WRN: A partial bind occurs when only part of the assembly display name is provided.
WRN: This might result in the binder loading an incorrect assembly.
WRN: It is recommended to provide a fully specified textual identity for the assembly,
WRN: that consists of the simple name, version, culture, and public key token.
WRN: See whitepaper http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=109270 for more information and common solutions to this issue.
LOG: Appbase = file:///C:/Users/jzhou/source/repos/WordAddIn1/WordAddIn1/bin/Debug/
LOG: Initial PrivatePath = NULL
Calling assembly : (Unknown).
===
LOG: This bind starts in default load context.
LOG: No application configuration file found.
LOG: Using host configuration file:
LOG: Using machine configuration file from C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\config\machine.config.
LOG: Policy not being applied to reference at this time (private, custom, partial, or location-based assembly bind).
LOG: Attempting download of new URL file:///C:/Users/jzhou/source/repos/WordAddIn1/WordAddIn1/bin/Debug/WordAddIn1.DLL.
LOG: No application configuration file found.
LOG: Using host configuration file:
LOG: Using machine configuration file from C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\config\machine.config.
LOG: Policy not being applied to reference at this time (private, custom, partial, or location-based assembly bind).
ERR: Failed to complete setup of assembly (hr = 0x80070002). Probing terminated.
at System.Reflection.RuntimeAssembly._nLoad(AssemblyName fileName, String codeBase, Evidence assemblySecurity, RuntimeAssembly locationHint, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, IntPtr pPrivHostBinder, Boolean throwOnFileNotFound, Boolean forIntrospection, Boolean suppressSecurityChecks)
at System.Reflection.RuntimeAssembly.InternalLoadAssemblyName(AssemblyName assemblyRef, Evidence assemblySecurity, RuntimeAssembly reqAssembly, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, IntPtr pPrivHostBinder, Boolean throwOnFileNotFound, Boolean forIntrospection, Boolean suppressSecurityChecks)
at System.Reflection.RuntimeAssembly.InternalLoad(String assemblyString, Evidence assemblySecurity, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, IntPtr pPrivHostBinder, Boolean forIntrospection)
at System.Reflection.RuntimeAssembly.InternalLoad(String assemblyString, Evidence assemblySecurity, StackCrawlMark& stackMark, Boolean forIntrospection)
at System.Reflection.Assembly.Load(String assemblyString)
at Microsoft.VisualStudio.Tools.Office.Runtime.DomainCreator.ExecuteCustomization.CreateEntryPoint(String entryPointTypeName)
at Microsoft.VisualStudio.Tools.Office.Runtime.DomainCreator.ExecuteCustomization.Microsoft.VisualStudio.Tools.Office.Runtime.Interop.IExecuteCustomization2.LoadEntryPoints(IntPtr serviceProvider)
************** Loaded Assemblies **************
mscorlib
Assembly Version: 4.0.0.0
Win32 Version: 4.8.9037.0 built by: NET481REL1
CodeBase: file:///C:/Windows/Microsoft.NET/Framework64/v4.0.30319/mscorlib.dll
----------------------------------------
Microsoft.VisualStudio.Tools.Office.Runtime
Assembly Version: 10.0.0.0
Win32 Version: 10.0.60910.0
CodeBase: file:///C:/windows/Microsoft.Net/assembly/GAC_MSIL/Microsoft.VisualStudio.Tools.Office.Runtime/v4.0_10.0.0.0__b03f5f7f11d50a3a/Microsoft.VisualStudio.Tools.Office.Runtime.dll
----------------------------------------
Microsoft.VisualStudio.Tools.Applications.Hosting
Assembly Version: 10.0.0.0
Win32 Version: 10.0.60910.0
CodeBase: file:///C:/windows/Microsoft.Net/assembly/GAC_MSIL/Microsoft.VisualStudio.Tools.Applications.Hosting/v4.0_10.0.0.0__b03f5f7f11d50a3a/Microsoft.VisualStudio.Tools.Applications.Hosting.dll
----------------------------------------
System
Assembly Version: 4.0.0.0
Win32 Version: 4.8.9037.0 built by: NET481REL1
CodeBase: file:///C:/windows/Microsoft.Net/assembly/GAC_MSIL/System/v4.0_4.0.0.0__b77a5c561934e089/System.dll
----------------------------------------
System.Configuration
Assembly Version: 4.0.0.0
Win32 Version: 4.8.9037.0 built by: NET481REL1
CodeBase: file:///C:/windows/Microsoft.Net/assembly/GAC_MSIL/System.Configuration/v4.0_4.0.0.0__b03f5f7f11d50a3a/System.Configuration.dll
----------------------------------------
System.Core
Assembly Version: 4.0.0.0
Win32 Version: 4.8.9037.0 built by: NET481REL1
CodeBase: file:///C:/windows/Microsoft.Net/assembly/GAC_MSIL/System.Core/v4.0_4.0.0.0__b77a5c561934e089/System.Core.dll
----------------------------------------
System.Security
Assembly Version: 4.0.0.0
Win32 Version: 4.8.9037.0 built by: NET481REL1
CodeBase: file:///C:/windows/Microsoft.Net/assembly/GAC_MSIL/System.Security/v4.0_4.0.0.0__b03f5f7f11d50a3a/System.Security.dll
----------------------------------------
System.Xml
Assembly Version: 4.0.0.0
Win32 Version: 4.8.9037.0 built by: NET481REL1
CodeBase: file:///C:/windows/Microsoft.Net/assembly/GAC_MSIL/System.Xml/v4.0_4.0.0.0__b77a5c561934e089/System.Xml.dll
----------------------------------------
Microsoft.VisualStudio.Tools.Applications.Runtime
Assembly Version: 10.0.0.0
Win32 Version: 10.0.60910.0
CodeBase: file:///C:/windows/Microsoft.Net/assembly/GAC_MSIL/Microsoft.VisualStudio.Tools.Applications.Runtime/v4.0_10.0.0.0__b03f5f7f11d50a3a/Microsoft.VisualStudio.Tools.Applications.Runtime.dll
----------------------------------------
System.Deployment
Assembly Version: 4.0.0.0
Win32 Version: 4.8.9037.0 built by: NET481REL1
CodeBase: file:///C:/windows/Microsoft.Net/assembly/GAC_MSIL/System.Deployment/v4.0_4.0.0.0__b03f5f7f11d50a3a/System.Deployment.dll
----------------------------------------
Microsoft.VisualStudio.Tools.Applications.ServerDocument
Assembly Version: 10.0.0.0
Win32 Version: 10.0.60910.0
CodeBase: file:///C:/windows/Microsoft.Net/assembly/GAC_MSIL/Microsoft.VisualStudio.Tools.Applications.ServerDocument/v4.0_10.0.0.0__b03f5f7f11d50a3a/Microsoft.VisualStudio.Tools.Applications.ServerDocument.dll
----------------------------------------
System.Windows.Forms
Assembly Version: 4.0.0.0
Win32 Version: 4.8.9037.0 built by: NET481REL1
CodeBase: file:///C:/windows/Microsoft.Net/assembly/GAC_MSIL/System.Windows.Forms/v4.0_4.0.0.0__b77a5c561934e089/System.Windows.Forms.dll
----------------------------------------
System.Drawing
Assembly Version: 4.0.0.0
Win32 Version: 4.8.9037.0 built by: NET481REL1
CodeBase: file:///C:/windows/Microsoft.Net/assembly/GAC_MSIL/System.Drawing/v4.0_4.0.0.0__b03f5f7f11d50a3a/System.Drawing.dll
----------------------------------------
System.Xml.Linq
Assembly Version: 4.0.0.0
Win32 Version: 4.8.9037.0 built by: NET481REL1
CodeBase: file:///C:/windows/Microsoft.Net/assembly/GAC_MSIL/System.Xml.Linq/v4.0_4.0.0.0__b77a5c561934e089/System.Xml.Linq.dll
----------------------------------------
Microsoft.Office.Tools
Assembly Version: 10.0.0.0
Win32 Version: 10.0.60910.0
CodeBase: file:///C:/windows/Microsoft.Net/assembly/GAC_MSIL/Microsoft.Office.Tools/v4.0_10.0.0.0__b03f5f7f11d50a3a/Microsoft.Office.Tools.dll
----------------------------------------
Microsoft.Office.Tools.Word.Implementation
Assembly Version: 10.0.0.0
Win32 Version: 10.0.60910.0
CodeBase: file:///C:/windows/Microsoft.Net/assembly/GAC_MSIL/Microsoft.Office.Tools.Word.Implementation/v4.0_10.0.0.0__b03f5f7f11d50a3a/Microsoft.Office.Tools.Word.Implementation.dll
----------------------------------------
Microsoft.Office.Tools.Common.Implementation
Assembly Version: 10.0.0.0
Win32 Version: 10.0.60910.0
CodeBase: file:///C:/windows/Microsoft.Net/assembly/GAC_MSIL/Microsoft.Office.Tools.Common.Implementation/v4.0_10.0.0.0__b03f5f7f11d50a3a/Microsoft.Office.Tools.Common.Implementation.dll
----------------------------------------
Microsoft.Office.Tools.Common
Assembly Version: 10.0.0.0
Win32 Version: 10.0.60910.0
CodeBase: file:///C:/windows/Microsoft.Net/assembly/GAC_MSIL/Microsoft.Office.Tools.Common/v4.0_10.0.0.0__b03f5f7f11d50a3a/Microsoft.Office.Tools.Common.dll
----------------------------------------
Microsoft.Office.Tools.Word
Assembly Version: 10.0.0.0
Win32 Version: 10.0.60910.0
CodeBase: file:///C:/windows/Microsoft.Net/assembly/GAC_MSIL/Microsoft.Office.Tools.Word/v4.0_10.0.0.0__b03f5f7f11d50a3a/Microsoft.Office.Tools.Word.dll
----------------------------------------
这个问题在我尝试调试的所有项目中都发生过。当我安装已发布的版本时也会发生这种情况。
已尝试但未能生成正常运行的加载项的方法：
唯一可行的方法是在 VDI（Word 版本 2022）中安装加载项，但由于 VDI 的性质，它会在用户注销后被擦除。此外，在出现此问题之前安装了加载项的用户不会发现任何问题。此问题仅发生在新安装时。
我怀疑环境发生了变化。
所以看起来发生的事情是我们的 Sysmon 阻止了 dll。