我有一台配备Optimus显卡的Dell Latitude E6530笔记本电脑（Intel / Nvidia，并且我正在尝试dGPU直通，我已经阅读了许多文章和论坛主题，以期克服这一障碍。在对配置和不匹配的软件包进行了很多努力之后，我终于在启动时加载了vfio_pci模块，并将vfio-pci驱动程序绑定到了我的dGPU及其音频设备。但是，我似乎无法摆脱臭名昭著的错误43，该错误使dGPU无法实际加载到VM中。我尝试了XML vendor_id解决方法，virsh-patcher的error-43解决方法，禁用了XML中的hyperv功能以及已报告的其他各种XML编辑，以解决其他问题。最后，我什么都没得到。我还使用Github上的VBiosFinder工具转储了dGPU的vBIOS，并将其添加到我的XML中，但是即使QXL作为主要视频驱动程序，此后它也不再启动。我将在此处列出输出以供参考，如果需要，可以提供更多输出。
lspci -nnk -s 1:
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: NVIDIA Corporation GF108GLM [NVS 5200M] [10de:0dfc] (rev a1)
Subsystem: Dell GF108GLM [NVS 5200M] [1028:1535]
Kernel driver in use: vfio-pci
Kernel modules: nouveau
01:00.1 Audio device [0403]: NVIDIA Corporation GF108 High Definition Audio Controller [10de:0bea] (rev a1)
Subsystem: Dell GF108 High Definition Audio Controller [1028:1535]
Kernel driver in use: vfio-pci
Kernel modules: snd_hda_intel
lsmod|grep vfio
vfio_pci 57344 0
irqbypass 16384 2 vfio_pci,kvm
vfio_virqfd 16384 1 vfio_pci
vfio_iommu_type1 36864 0
vfio 36864 2 vfio_iommu_type1,vfio_pci
/etc/default/grub
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet intel_iommu=on,igfx_off iommu=pt pcie_acs_override=downstream vfio-pci.ids=10de:0dfc,10de:0bea apparmor=1 security=apparmor udev.log_priority=3"
/etc/mkinitcpio.conf
MODULES="vfio vfio_iommu_type1 vfio_pci vfio_virqfd vhost-net"
FILES=""
HOOKS="base udev autodetect modconf block keyboard keymap filesystems"
journalctl -b|grep -i vfio
Apr 19 18:54:41 lions-den kernel: Command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-5.4-x86_64 root=UUID=9aadff70-70e9-4adf-ac3c-e9b737d68ee4 rw quiet intel_iommu=on,igfx_off iommu=pt pcie_acs_override=downstream vfio-pci.ids=10de:0dfc,10de:0bea apparmor=1 security=apparmor udev.log_priority=3
Apr 19 18:54:41 lions-den kernel: Kernel command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-5.4-x86_64 root=UUID=9aadff70-70e9-4adf-ac3c-e9b737d68ee4 rw quiet intel_iommu=on,igfx_off iommu=pt pcie_acs_override=downstream vfio-pci.ids=10de:0dfc,10de:0bea apparmor=1 security=apparmor udev.log_priority=3
Apr 19 18:54:41 lions-den kernel: VFIO - User Level meta-driver version: 0.3
Apr 19 18:54:41 lions-den kernel: vfio-pci 0000:01:00.0: vgaarb: changed VGA decodes: olddecodes=io+mem,decodes=io+mem:owns=none
Apr 19 18:54:41 lions-den kernel: vfio_pci: add [10de:0dfc[ffffffff:ffffffff]] class 0x000000/00000000
Apr 19 18:54:41 lions-den kernel: vfio_pci: add [10de:0bea[ffffffff:ffffffff]] class 0x000000/00000000
Apr 19 18:54:45 lions-den kernel: vfio-pci 0000:01:00.0: vgaarb: changed VGA decodes: olddecodes=io+mem,decodes=io+mem:owns=none
Apr 19 18:54:45 lions-den kernel: vfio-pci 0000:01:00.0: optimus capabilities: enabled, status dynamic power, hda bios codec supported
sudo virsh dumpxml win10
<domain type='kvm' xmlns:qemu='http://libvirt.org/schemas/domain/qemu/1.0'>
<name>win10</name>
<uuid>6d92b905-bb5e-48cf-92da-ae1584aa12a3</uuid>
<metadata>
<libosinfo:libosinfo xmlns:libosinfo="http://libosinfo.org/xmlns/libvirt/domain/1.0">
<libosinfo:os id="http://microsoft.com/win/10"/>
</libosinfo:libosinfo>
</metadata>
<memory unit='KiB'>10485760</memory>
<currentMemory unit='KiB'>10485760</currentMemory>
<vcpu placement='static' current='7'>8</vcpu>
<cputune>
<vcpupin vcpu='0' cpuset='0'/>
<vcpupin vcpu='1' cpuset='4'/>
<vcpupin vcpu='2' cpuset='1'/>
<vcpupin vcpu='3' cpuset='5'/>
<vcpupin vcpu='4' cpuset='2'/>
<vcpupin vcpu='5' cpuset='6'/>
<vcpupin vcpu='6' cpuset='3'/>
</cputune>
<os>
<type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-q35-4.2'>hvm</type>
<loader readonly='yes' type='pflash'>/usr/share/ovmf/x64/OVMF_CODE.fd</loader>
<nvram>/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/nvram/win10_VARS.fd</nvram>
<boot dev='hd'/>
</os>
<features>
<acpi/>
<apic/>
<hyperv>
<relaxed state='on'/>
<vapic state='on'/>
<spinlocks state='on' retries='8191'/>
<vendor_id state='on' value='1234567890ab'/>
</hyperv>
<kvm>
<hidden state='on'/>
</kvm>
<vmport state='off'/>
<ioapic driver='kvm'/>
</features>
<cpu mode='host-passthrough' check='none'>
<topology sockets='1' cores='4' threads='2'/>
</cpu>
<clock offset='localtime'>
<timer name='rtc' tickpolicy='catchup'/>
<timer name='pit' tickpolicy='delay'/>
<timer name='hpet' present='no'/>
<timer name='hypervclock' present='yes'/>
</clock>
<on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
<on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
<on_crash>destroy</on_crash>
<pm>
<suspend-to-mem enabled='no'/>
<suspend-to-disk enabled='no'/>
</pm>
<devices>
<emulator>/usr/bin/qemu-system-x86_64</emulator>
<disk type='file' device='disk'>
<driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
<source file='/home/rebel/libvirt/images/win10.img'/>
<target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x08' slot='0x00' function='0x0'/>
</disk>
<disk type='file' device='cdrom'>
<driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
<source file='/home/rebel/ISOs/Win10_1909_English_x64.iso'/>
<target dev='sdb' bus='sata'/>
<readonly/>
<address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' target='0' unit='1'/>
</disk>
<disk type='file' device='cdrom'>
<driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
<source file='/home/rebel/ISOs/virtio-win-0.1.173.iso'/>
<target dev='sdc' bus='sata'/>
<readonly/>
<address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' target='0' unit='2'/>
</disk>
<controller type='usb' index='0' model='qemu-xhci' ports='15'>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x03' slot='0x00' function='0x0'/>
</controller>
<controller type='sata' index='0'>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x1f' function='0x2'/>
</controller>
<controller type='pci' index='0' model='pcie-root'/>
<controller type='pci' index='1' model='pcie-root-port'>
<model name='pcie-root-port'/>
<target chassis='1' port='0x10'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0' multifunction='on'/>
</controller>
<controller type='pci' index='2' model='pcie-root-port'>
<model name='pcie-root-port'/>
<target chassis='2' port='0x11'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x1'/>
</controller>
<controller type='pci' index='3' model='pcie-root-port'>
<model name='pcie-root-port'/>
<target chassis='3' port='0x12'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x2'/>
</controller>
<controller type='pci' index='4' model='pcie-to-pci-bridge'>
<model name='pcie-pci-bridge'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x01' slot='0x00' function='0x0'/>
</controller>
<controller type='pci' index='5' model='pcie-root-port'>
<model name='pcie-root-port'/>
<target chassis='5' port='0x13'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x3'/>
</controller>
<controller type='pci' index='6' model='pcie-root-port'>
<model name='pcie-root-port'/>
<target chassis='6' port='0x14'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x4'/>
</controller>
<controller type='pci' index='7' model='pcie-root-port'>
<model name='pcie-root-port'/>
<target chassis='7' port='0x15'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x5'/>
</controller>
<controller type='pci' index='8' model='pcie-root-port'>
<model name='pcie-root-port'/>
<target chassis='8' port='0x16'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x6'/>
</controller>
<controller type='pci' index='9' model='pcie-root-port'>
<model name='pcie-root-port'/>
<target chassis='9' port='0x17'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x7'/>
</controller>
<controller type='virtio-serial' index='0'>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x05' slot='0x00' function='0x0'/>
</controller>
<interface type='network'>
<mac address='52:54:00:ad:bc:10'/>
<source network='default'/>
<model type='virtio'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x02' slot='0x00' function='0x0'/>
</interface>
<channel type='spicevmc'>
<target type='virtio' name='com.redhat.spice.0'/>
<address type='virtio-serial' controller='0' bus='0' port='1'/>
</channel>
<input type='tablet' bus='usb'>
<address type='usb' bus='0' port='1'/>
</input>
<input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/>
<input type='keyboard' bus='ps2'/>
<graphics type='spice' autoport='yes'>
<listen type='address'/>
<image compression='off'/>
<gl enable='no' rendernode='/dev/dri/by-path/pci-0000:00:02.0-render'/>
</graphics>
<sound model='ich9'>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x1b' function='0x0'/>
</sound>
<video>
<model type='qxl' ram='65536' vram='65536' vgamem='16384' heads='1' primary='yes'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x0'/>
</video>
<hostdev mode='subsystem' type='pci' managed='yes'>
<source>
<address domain='0x0000' bus='0x01' slot='0x00' function='0x0'/>
</source>
<rom bar='on' file='/home/rebel/libvirt/vbios_10de_0dfc.rom'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x07' slot='0x00' function='0x0'/>
</hostdev>
<hostdev mode='subsystem' type='pci' managed='yes'>
<source>
<address domain='0x0000' bus='0x01' slot='0x00' function='0x1'/>
</source>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x09' slot='0x00' function='0x0'/>
</hostdev>
<watchdog model='i6300esb' action='shutdown'>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x04' slot='0x05' function='0x0'/>
</watchdog>
<memballoon model='virtio'>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x06' slot='0x00' function='0x0'/>
</memballoon>
</devices>
<qemu:commandline>
<qemu:arg value='-audiodev'/>
<qemu:arg value='pa,id=snd0,server=unix:/tmp/pulse-socket'/>
</qemu:commandline>
</domain>