使用awk或sed对以pattern开头的行进行排序

Question

我想打印路由器配置并仅排序以模式crypto isakmp key 6开头的行。

重要的是，我想将这些行保留在同一个地方，因此这些行之前和之后的所有行应该保持在相同的位置和顺序（未排序）。

示例输入文件：

123 345
678 901
bla bla bla
ble ble ble
crypto isakmp key 6 kokofeofepokpfowkfpwjeiofjwiojefiow address 123.456.789.012
crypto isakmp key 6 ofjwiojefiow352okdwofkwkfi9i42kpfsej09f09j4 address 123.456.789.012
crypto isakmp key 6 9i42kpfsej09f09j4ofjwiojefiow352okdwofkwkfi address 123.456.789.012
crypto isakmp key 6 9j4ofjwiojefiow352okdwofkwkfi9i42kpfsej09f0 address 123.456.789.012
ccc ddd eee
fff ggg hhh iii
123 456

所以首先我要打印未更改的（随机行数）：

123 345
678 901
bla bla bla
ble ble ble

然后我想打印以crypto isakmp key 6开头的SORTED行。

最后，我想打印文件的其余部分（也是随机的行数）：

ccc ddd eee
fff ggg hhh iii
123 456

我通过许多操作来管理这个，包括获取crypto isakmp key 6的第一个和最后一个位置并使用tail / head命令，但它非常复杂，我想知道AWK / SED中是否有选项可能是其他linux工具来管理指定行。请解释一下您的命令的作用。

预期输出（加密排序休息完整）：

123 345
678 901
bla bla bla
ble ble ble
crypto isakmp key 6 9i42kpfsej09f09j4ofjwiojefiow352okdwofkwkfi address 123.456.789.012
crypto isakmp key 6 9j4ofjwiojefiow352okdwofkwkfi9i42kpfsej09f0 address 123.456.789.012
crypto isakmp key 6 kokofeofepokpfowkfpwjeiofjwiojefiow address 123.456.789.012
crypto isakmp key 6 ofjwiojefiow352okdwofkwkfi9i42kpfsej09f09j4 address 123.456.789.012
ccc ddd eee
fff ggg hhh iii
123 456

Answer 1

不完全理解你的意思是排序，但是这将按字母顺序对加密线进行排序，并保留原样

asort函数所需的GNU awk。

awk 'y=/crypto isakmp key 6/{x=1;a[NR]=$0}
     x&&!y{x=asort(a);for(i=1;i<=x;i++)print a[i];x=0};!x' file

123 345
678 901
bla bla bla
ble ble ble
crypto isakmp key 6 9i42kpfsej09f09j4ofjwiojefiow352okdwofkwkfi address 123.456.789.012
crypto isakmp key 6 9j4ofjwiojefiow352okdwofkwkfi9i42kpfsej09f0 address 123.456.789.012
crypto isakmp key 6 kokofeofepokpfowkfpwjeiofjwiojefiow address 123.456.789.012
crypto isakmp key 6 ofjwiojefiow352okdwofkwkfi9i42kpfsej09f09j4 address 123.456.789.012
ccc ddd eee
fff ggg hhh iii
123 456

Explanation

y=/crypto isakmp key 6/
 #variable y is set to 1 if the line contains this regex, 0 if not
{
 #The following code block within the brackets is executed if y is non zero
x=1
 #Set x to 1(i.e true),done every match because it is less hassle and has no negative 
 #side effects 
a[NR]=$0
 #Create array element in array a with a key of NR(line number,doesn't actually matter what 
 #it is though just has to be unique each line) and a value of $0(the line)
}
 #End that block
x&&!y
 #If x(set in the previous block to 1) is set and y isn't (meaning we have encountered a 
 #crypto line but the one we are currently on isn't a crypto line) then
{
 #Open block like before
x=asort(a)
 #Sort the array a, and set x to the number of elements
for(i=1;i<=x;i++)
 #for each element
print a[i]
 #Print the element , note the loop ends here as we have not enclosed in brackets
x=0
 #Set x to 0(false)
}
 #End block
!x
 #Default action for awk is to print the line if an command returns true, so will print any 
 #line where x is not set or is 0 i.e not crypto lines. We could have also used y'

---

With meaningful names

awk 'InBlock=/crypto isakmp key 6/{Stored=1;Lines[NR]=$0}
     Stored&&!InBlock{
         Count=asort(Lines)
         for(i=1;i<=Count;i++)print Lines[i]
         Stored=0
     }
     !InBlock' file

Answer 2

您没有告诉我们您想要排序的内容，或者您​​希望如何排序，或者向我们展示预期的输出，所以这是一个猜测，但可能是或者接近您想要的：

$ cat tst.awk
/crypto isakmp key 6/ {
    buf[$0]
    gotBuf = 1
    next
}
gotBuf {
    PROCINFO["sorted_in"] = "@ind_str_asc"
    for (line in buf) {
        print line
    }
    gotBuf = 0
}
{ print }

$ awk -f tst.awk file
123 345
678 901
bla bla bla
ble ble ble
crypto isakmp key 6 9i42kpfsej09f09j4ofjwiojefiow352okdwofkwkfi address 123.456.789.012
crypto isakmp key 6 9j4ofjwiojefiow352okdwofkwkfi9i42kpfsej09f0 address 123.456.789.012
crypto isakmp key 6 kokofeofepokpfowkfpwjeiofjwiojefiow address 123.456.789.012
crypto isakmp key 6 ofjwiojefiow352okdwofkwkfi9i42kpfsej09f09j4 address 123.456.789.012
ccc ddd eee
fff ggg hhh iii
123 456

上面使用的GNU awk 4. * for sorted_in。

Answer 3

这是我做的：

# get interesting lines with numbers
LINER1=`grep -n "^crypto isakmp key 6" r1`

# get interesting lines without numbers for later output
LINER1F=`grep "^crypto isakmp key 6" r1`

# get whole config rows count
LENGTHR1=`wc -l r1|awk '{print $1}'`

# get 1st interesting line number
STARTR1=`echo "$LINER1" | head -1 | cut -f 1 -d:`

# get last interesting line number    
ENDR1=`echo "$LINER1" | tail -1 | cut -f 1 -d:`

# assign 1st segment to variable
SEGMENT1R1=`head -n $(( $STARTR1 - 1 )) r1`

# assign interesting sorted segment to next variable
SEGMENT2R1=`echo "$LINER1F"|sort`

# assign last segment to variable
SEGMENT3R1=`tail -n $(( $LENGTHR1 - $ENDR1 )) r1`

# output whole config with sorted segment to file
echo "$SEGMENT1R1" > r1
echo "$SEGMENT2R1" >> r1
echo "$SEGMENT3R1" >> r1

我希望没有这么多步骤，这可以简单地完成。