目前我正在尝试使用Selenium WebDriver捕获屏幕截图。但我只能获得整页屏幕截图。但是，我想要的只是捕获页面的一部分，或者只是基于ID或任何特定元素定位器捕获特定元素。 （例如，我希望用图像id =“Butterfly”捕获图片）
有没有办法按选定的项目或元素捕获屏幕截图？
我们可以通过裁剪整个页面截图来获取元素截图，如下所示：
driver.get("http://www.google.com");
WebElement ele = driver.findElement(By.id("hplogo"));
// Get entire page screenshot
File screenshot = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
BufferedImage fullImg = ImageIO.read(screenshot);
// Get the location of element on the page
Point point = ele.getLocation();
// Get width and height of the element
int eleWidth = ele.getSize().getWidth();
int eleHeight = ele.getSize().getHeight();
// Crop the entire page screenshot to get only element screenshot
BufferedImage eleScreenshot= fullImg.getSubimage(point.getX(), point.getY(),
eleWidth, eleHeight);
ImageIO.write(eleScreenshot, "png", screenshot);
// Copy the element screenshot to disk
File screenshotLocation = new File("C:\\images\\GoogleLogo_screenshot.png");
FileUtils.copyFile(screenshot, screenshotLocation);
考虑使用针 - 工具进行自动视觉比较https://github.com/bfirsh/needle，它具有内置功能，可以截取特定元素的截图（由CSS选择器选择）。该工具适用于Selenium的WebDriver，它是用Python编写的。
下面是在Selenium中拍摄特定元素的快照功能。这里的驱动程序是一种WebDriver。
private static void getScreenshot(final WebElement e, String fileName) throws IOException {
final BufferedImage img;
final Point topleft;
final Point bottomright;
final byte[] screengrab;
screengrab = ((TakesScreenshot) driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.BYTES);
img = ImageIO.read(new ByteArrayInputStream(screengrab));
topleft = e.getLocation();
bottomright = new Point(e.getSize().getWidth(), e.getSize().getHeight());
BufferedImage imgScreenshot=
(BufferedImage)img.getSubimage(topleft.getX(), topleft.getY(), bottomright.getX(), bottomright.getY());
File screenshotLocation = new File("Images/"+fileName +".png");
ImageIO.write(imgScreenshot, "png", screenshotLocation);
}
如果您正在寻找JavaScript解决方案，请参阅我的要点：
https://gist.github.com/sillicon/4abcd9079a7d29cbb53ebee547b55fba
基本思路是一样的，首先拍摄屏幕截图，然后裁剪。但是，我的解决方案不需要其他库，只需要纯WebDriver API代码。但是，副作用是它可能会增加测试浏览器的负载。
Python 3
尝试使用Selenium 3.141.0和chromedriver 73.0.3683.68，这是有效的，
from selenium import webdriver
chromedriver = '/usr/local/bin/chromedriver'
chromeOptions = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
chromeOptions.add_argument('window-size=1366x768')
chromeOptions.add_argument('disable-extensions')
cdriver = webdriver.Chrome(options=chromeOptions, executable_path=chromedriver)
cdriver.get('url')
element = cdriver.find_element_by_css_selector('.some-css.selector')
element.screenshot_as_png('elemenent.png')
无需获取完整图像并获取全屏图像的一部分。
当Rohit's answer创建时，这可能不可用。
using System.Drawing;
using System.Drawing.Imaging;
using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox;
public void ScreenshotByElement()
{
IWebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
String baseURL = "www.google.com/"; //url link
String filePath = @"c:\\img1.png";
driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(baseURL);
var remElement = driver.FindElement(By.Id("Butterfly"));
Point location = remElement.Location;
var screenshot = (driver as FirefoxDriver).GetScreenshot();
using (MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream(screenshot.AsByteArray))
{
using (Bitmap bitmap = new Bitmap(stream))
{
RectangleF part = new RectangleF(location.X, location.Y, remElement.Size.Width, remElement.Size.Height);
using (Bitmap bn = bitmap.Clone(part, bitmap.PixelFormat))
{
bn.Save(filePath, ImageFormat.Png);
}
}
}
}
如果在chrome中遇到异常java.awt.image.RasterFormatException，或者想要将元素滚动到视图中，则捕获屏幕截图。
这是来自@Surya答案的解决方案。
JavascriptExecutor jsExecutor = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
Long offsetTop = (Long) jsExecutor.executeScript("window.scroll(0, document.querySelector(\""+cssSelector+"\").offsetTop - 0); return document.querySelector(\""+cssSelector+"\").getBoundingClientRect().top;");
WebElement ele = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(cssSelector));
// Get entire page screenshot
File screenshot = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
BufferedImage fullImg = ImageIO.read(screenshot);
// Get the location of element on the page
Point point = ele.getLocation();
// Get width and height of the element
int eleWidth = ele.getSize().getWidth();
int eleHeight = ele.getSize().getHeight();
// Crop the entire page screenshot to get only element screenshot
BufferedImage eleScreenshot= fullImg.getSubimage(point.getX(), Math.toIntExact(offsetTop),
eleWidth, eleHeight);
ImageIO.write(eleScreenshot, "png", screenshot);
// Copy the element screenshot to disk
File screenshotLocation = new File("c:\\temp\\div_element_1.png");
FileUtils.copyFile(screenshot, screenshotLocation);
c＃代码：
public Bitmap MakeElemScreenshot( IWebDriver driver, WebElement elem)
{
Screenshot myScreenShot = ((ITakesScreenshot)driver).GetScreenshot();
Bitmap screen = new Bitmap(new MemoryStream(myScreenShot.AsByteArray));
Bitmap elemScreenshot = screen.Clone(new Rectangle(elem.Location, elem.Size), screen.PixelFormat);
screen.Dispose();
return elemScreenshot;
}
我相信这对你不起作用，因为你使用C＃并且我的解决方案包含一个Java库，但也许其他人会发现它有用。
要捕获自定义屏幕截图，您可以使用Shutterbug库。为此目的的具体要求是：
Shutterbug.shootElement(driver, element).save();
我正在使用@ Brook的答案的修改版本，即使对于需要滚动页面的元素也能正常工作。
public void TakeScreenshot(string fileNameWithoutExtension, IWebElement element)
{
// Scroll to the element if necessary
var actions = new Actions(_driver);
actions.MoveToElement(element);
actions.Perform();
// Get the element position (scroll-aware)
var locationWhenScrolled = ((RemoteWebElement) element).LocationOnScreenOnceScrolledIntoView;
var fileName = fileNameWithoutExtension + ".png";
var byteArray = ((ITakesScreenshot) _driver).GetScreenshot().AsByteArray;
using (var screenshot = new System.Drawing.Bitmap(new System.IO.MemoryStream(byteArray)))
{
var location = locationWhenScrolled;
// Fix location if necessary to avoid OutOfMemory Exception
if (location.X + element.Size.Width > screenshot.Width)
{
location.X = screenshot.Width - element.Size.Width;
}
if (location.Y + element.Size.Height > screenshot.Height)
{
location.Y = screenshot.Height - element.Size.Height;
}
// Crop the screenshot
var croppedImage = new System.Drawing.Rectangle(location.X, location.Y, element.Size.Width, element.Size.Height);
using (var clone = screenshot.Clone(croppedImage, screenshot.PixelFormat))
{
clone.Save(fileName, ImageFormat.Png);
}
}
}
两个ifs是必要的（至少对于chrome驱动程序），因为当需要滚动时，裁剪的大小超过屏幕截图大小的1个像素。
在Node.js中，我编写了以下代码，但它不是基于selenium的官方WebDriverJS，而是基于SauceLabs's WebDriver：WD.js和一个非常紧凑的图像库EasyImage。
我只想强调你不能真正拍摄元素的截图，但你应该做的是首先，截取整个页面的截图，然后选择你喜欢的页面部分并裁剪特定部分：
browser.get(URL_TO_VISIT)
.waitForElementById(dependentElementId, webdriver.asserters.isDisplayed, 3000)
.elementById(elementID)
.getSize().then(function(size) {
browser.elementById(elementID)
.getLocation().then(function(location) {
browser.takeScreenshot().then(function(data) {
var base64Data = data.replace(/^data:image\/png;base64,/, "");
fs.writeFile(filePath, base64Data, 'base64', function(err) {
if (err) {
console.log(err);
}
else {
cropInFile(size, location, filePath);
}
doneCallback();
});
});
});
});
而cropInFileFunction就是这样的：
var cropInFile = function(size, location, srcFile) {
easyimg.crop({
src: srcFile,
dst: srcFile,
cropwidth: size.width,
cropheight: size.height,
x: location.x,
y: location.y,
gravity: 'North-West'
},
function(err, stdout, stderr) {
if (err) throw err;
});
};
Yandex的ASHOT框架可用于在Selenium WebDriver脚本中截取屏幕截图
这个框架可以在https://github.com/yandex-qatools/ashot上找到。
截取屏幕截图的代码非常简单：
整页
screenshot = new AShot().shootingStrategy(
new ViewportPastingStrategy(1000)).takeScreenshot(driver);
ImageIO.write(screenshot.getImage(), "PNG", new File("c:\\temp\\results.png"));
特定的Web元素
screenshot = new AShot().takeScreenshot(driver,
driver.findElement(By.xpath("(//div[@id='ct_search'])[1]")));
ImageIO.write(screenshot.getImage(), "PNG", new File("c:\\temp\\div_element.png"));
在this article上查看更多详细信息和更多代码示例。
我浪费了很多时间拍摄截图，我想保存你的截图。我用过chrome + selenium + c＃结果非常可怕。最后我写了一个函数：
driver.Manage().Window.Maximize();
RemoteWebElement remElement = (RemoteWebElement)driver.FindElement(By.Id("submit-button"));
Point location = remElement.LocationOnScreenOnceScrolledIntoView;
int viewportWidth = Convert.ToInt32(((IJavaScriptExecutor)driver).ExecuteScript("return document.documentElement.clientWidth"));
int viewportHeight = Convert.ToInt32(((IJavaScriptExecutor)driver).ExecuteScript("return document.documentElement.clientHeight"));
driver.SwitchTo();
int elementLocation_X = location.X;
int elementLocation_Y = location.Y;
IWebElement img = driver.FindElement(By.Id("submit-button"));
int elementSize_Width = img.Size.Width;
int elementSize_Height = img.Size.Height;
Size s = new Size();
s.Width = driver.Manage().Window.Size.Width;
s.Height = driver.Manage().Window.Size.Height;
Bitmap bitmap = new Bitmap(s.Width, s.Height);
Graphics graphics = Graphics.FromImage(bitmap as Image);
graphics.CopyFromScreen(0, 0, 0, 0, s);
bitmap.Save(filePath, System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Png);
RectangleF part = new RectangleF(elementLocation_X, elementLocation_Y + (s.Height - viewportHeight), elementSize_Width, elementSize_Height);
Bitmap bmpobj = (Bitmap)Image.FromFile(filePath);
Bitmap bn = bmpobj.Clone(part, bmpobj.PixelFormat);
bn.Save(finalPictureFilePath, System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Png);
这是使用Selenium webdriver和Pillow的Python 3版本。该程序捕获整个页面的屏幕截图，并根据其位置裁剪元素。元素图像将以image.png的形式提供
from selenium import webdriver
from PIL import Image
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get('https://www.google.co.in')
element = driver.find_element_by_id("lst-ib")
location = element.location
size = element.size
driver.save_screenshot("shot.png")
x = location['x']
y = location['y']
w = size['width']
h = size['height']
width = x + w
height = y + h
im = Image.open('shot.png')
im = im.crop((int(x), int(y), int(width), int(height)))
im.save('image.png')
对于每个在C＃中要求代码的人，下面是我的实现的简化版本。
public static void TakeScreenshot(IWebDriver driver, IWebElement element)
{
try
{
string fileName = DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH-mm-ss") + ".jpg";
Byte[] byteArray = ((ITakesScreenshot)driver).GetScreenshot().AsByteArray;
System.Drawing.Bitmap screenshot = new System.Drawing.Bitmap(new System.IO.MemoryStream(byteArray));
System.Drawing.Rectangle croppedImage = new System.Drawing.Rectangle(element.Location.X, element.Location.Y, element.Size.Width, element.Size.Height);
screenshot = screenshot.Clone(croppedImage, screenshot.PixelFormat);
screenshot.Save(String.Format(@"C:\SeleniumScreenshots\" + fileName, System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Jpeg));
}
catch (Exception e)
{
logger.Error(e.StackTrace + ' ' + e.Message);
}
}
如果您不介意涉及磁盘IO，Surya's answer可以很好地工作。如果您不愿意，那么这种方法对您来说可能更好
private Image getScreenshot(final WebDriver d, final WebElement e) throws IOException {
final BufferedImage img;
final Point topleft;
final Point bottomright;
final byte[] screengrab;
screengrab = ((TakesScreenshot) d).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.BYTES);
img = ImageIO.read(new ByteArrayInputStream(screengrab));
//crop the image to focus on e
//get dimensions (crop points)
topleft = e.getLocation();
bottomright = new Point(e.getSize().getWidth(),
e.getSize().getHeight());
return img.getSubimage(topleft.getX(),
topleft.getY(),
bottomright.getX(),
bottomright.getY());
}
如果你愿意，你可以跳过声明screengrab而不是做
img = ImageIO.read(
new ByteArrayInputStream(
((TakesScreenshot) d).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.BYTES)));
哪个更干净，但为了清晰起见我把它留了下来。然后你可以save it as a file或put it in a JPanel到你的心脏的内容。
public void GenerateSnapshot(string url, string selector, string filePath)
{
using (IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver())
{
driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(url);
var remElement = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector(selector));
Point location = remElement.Location;
var screenshot = (driver as ChromeDriver).GetScreenshot();
using (MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream(screenshot.AsByteArray))
{
using (Bitmap bitmap = new Bitmap(stream))
{
RectangleF part = new RectangleF(location.X, location.Y, remElement.Size.Width, remElement.Size.Height);
using (Bitmap bn = bitmap.Clone(part, bitmap.PixelFormat))
{
bn.Save(filePath, System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Png);
}
}
}
driver.Close();
}
}
这是C＃的扩展函数：
public static BitmapImage GetElementImage(this IWebDriver webDriver, By by)
{
var elements = webDriver.FindElements(by);
if (elements.Count == 0)
return null;
var element = elements[0];
var screenShot = (webDriver as ITakesScreenshot).GetScreenshot();
using (var ms = new MemoryStream(screenShot.AsByteArray))
{
Bitmap screenBitmap;
screenBitmap = new Bitmap(ms);
return screenBitmap.Clone(
new Rectangle(
element.Location.X,
element.Location.Y,
element.Size.Width,
element.Size.Height
),
screenBitmap.PixelFormat
).ToBitmapImage();
}
}
现在你可以使用它来获取像这样的任何元素的图像：
var image = webDriver.GetElementImage(By.Id("someId"));