Scala中的交叉产品

Question

我希望有一个二进制运算符cross（交叉产品/笛卡尔积），它与Scala中的遍历运行：

val x = Seq(1, 2)
val y = List('hello', 'world', 'bye')
val z = x cross y    # i can chain as many traversables e.g. x cross y cross w etc

assert z == ((1, 'hello'), (1, 'world'), (1, 'bye'), (2, 'hello'), (2, 'world'), (2, 'bye'))

仅在Scala中执行此操作的最佳方法是什么（即不使用scalaz之类的东西）？

Answer 1

您可以使用Scala 2.10中的隐式类和for-comprehension直接执行此操作：

implicit class Crossable[X](xs: Traversable[X]) {
  def cross[Y](ys: Traversable[Y]) = for { x <- xs; y <- ys } yield (x, y)
}

val xs = Seq(1, 2)
val ys = List("hello", "world", "bye")

现在：

scala> xs cross ys
res0: Traversable[(Int, String)] = List((1,hello), (1,world), ...

这在2.10之前是可能的 - 只是不那么简洁，因为你需要定义类和隐式转换方法。

你也可以这样写：

scala> xs cross ys cross List('a, 'b)
res2: Traversable[((Int, String), Symbol)] = List(((1,hello),'a), ...

但是，如果你想让xs cross ys cross zs返回Tuple3，你需要很多样板或像Shapeless这样的库。

Answer 2

交叉x_list和y_list：

val cross = x_list.flatMap(x => y_list.map(y => (x, y)))

Answer 3

以下是任意数量列表的递归交叉积的实现：

def crossJoin[T](list: Traversable[Traversable[T]]): Traversable[Traversable[T]] =
  list match {
    case xs :: Nil => xs map (Traversable(_))
    case x :: xs => for {
      i <- x
      j <- crossJoin(xs)
    } yield Traversable(i) ++ j
  }

crossJoin(
  List(
    List(3, "b"),
    List(1, 8),
    List(0, "f", 4.3)
  )
)

res0: Traversable[Traversable[Any]] = List(List(3, 1, 0), List(3, 1, f), List(3, 1, 4.3), List(3, 8, 0), List(3, 8, f), List(3, 8, 4.3), List(b, 1, 0), List(b, 1, f), List(b, 1, 4.3), List(b, 8, 0), List(b, 8, f), List(b, 8, 4.3))

Answer 4

class CartesianProduct(product: Traversable[Traversable[_ <: Any]]) {
  override def toString(): String = {
    product.toString
  }

  def *(rhs: Traversable[_ <: Any]): CartesianProduct = {
      val p = product.flatMap { lhs =>
        rhs.map { r =>
          lhs.toList :+ r
        }
      }

      new CartesianProduct(p)
  }
}

object CartesianProduct {
  def apply(traversable: Traversable[_ <: Any]): CartesianProduct = {
    new CartesianProduct(
      traversable.map { t =>
        Traversable(t)
      }
    )
  }
}

// TODO: How can this conversion be made implicit?
val x = CartesianProduct(Set(0, 1))
val y = List("Alice", "Bob")
val z = Array(Math.E, Math.PI)

println(x * y * z) // Set(List(0, Alice, 3.141592653589793), List(0, Alice, 2.718281828459045), List(0, Bob, 3.141592653589793), List(1, Alice, 2.718281828459045), List(0, Bob, 2.718281828459045), List(1, Bob, 3.141592653589793), List(1, Alice, 3.141592653589793), List(1, Bob, 2.718281828459045))

// TODO: How can this conversion be made implicit?
val s0 = CartesianProduct(Seq(0, 0))
val s1 = Seq(0, 0)

println(s0 * s1) // List(List(0, 0), List(0, 0), List(0, 0), List(0, 0))

Answer 5

这是类似于Milad's response，但非递归。

def cartesianProduct[T](seqs: Seq[Seq[T]]): Seq[Seq[T]] = {
  seqs.foldLeft(Seq(Seq.empty[T]))((b, a) => b.flatMap(i => a.map(j => i ++ Seq(j))))
}

基于this blog post。

Answer 6

与其他回复类似，只是我的做法。

def loop(lst: List[List[Int]],acc:List[Int]): List[List[Int]] = {
  lst match {
    case head :: Nil => head.map(_ :: acc)
    case head :: tail => head.flatMap(x => loop(tail,x :: acc))
    case Nil => ???
  }
}
val l1 = List(10,20,30,40)
val l2 = List(2,4,6)
val l3 = List(3,5,7,9,11)

val lst = List(l1,l2,l3)

loop(lst,List.empty[Int])