我一直在尝试在我的 OS X 机器上使用 Python 3.3 的内置“venv”模块启动并运行。我已经使用 Homebrew 安装了 Python 3.3。
根据文档,创建和切换虚拟环境按照您的预期工作:
$ python3 -m venv myvenv
$ source myvenv/bin/activate
我测试过这样的东西:
$ echo "YEAH = 'YEAH!'" > myvenv/lib/python3.3/site-packages/thingy.py
$ python
>>> import thingy
>>> print(thingy.YEAH)
'YEAH!'
但是当我尝试安装分发时,它根本无法安装到正确的位置。由于某种原因,它坚持尝试安装到
/usr/local/lib/python3.3/site-packages/
,但失败并显示以下消息:
No setuptools distribution found
running install
Checking .pth file support in /usr/local/lib/python3.3/site-packages/
/Users/victor/myvenv/bin/python -E -c pass
TEST FAILED: /usr/local/lib/python3.3/site-packages/ does NOT support .pth files
error: bad install directory or PYTHONPATH
You are attempting to install a package to a directory that is not
on PYTHONPATH and which Python does not read ".pth" files from. The
installation directory you specified (via --install-dir, --prefix, or
the distutils default setting) was:
/usr/local/lib/python3.3/site-packages/
and your PYTHONPATH environment variable currently contains:
''
无论我尝试使用
distribute_setup.py
安装还是直接使用源发行版安装,都会发生这种情况。我什至尝试过使用 --prefix=/Users/victor/myenv
但它仍然尝试将所有内容放入我的“全局”站点包中。
我不明白为什么会发生这种情况,但它在我的两台机器上是一致的。请注意,
sys.prefix
报告了正确的路径(虚拟环境)。
这是 Homebrew 的问题吗?操作系统? Python 3.3?文夫?我?
(已删除)--------------------
发生这种情况是因为
homebrew
安装了 distutils 配置文件:
$ brew cat python3 | grep "Tell distutils" -A5
# Tell distutils-based installers where to put scripts
(prefix/"Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/#{VER}/lib/python#{VER}/distutils/distutils.cfg").write <<-EOF.undent
[install]
install-scripts=#{scripts_folder}
install-lib=#{site_packages}
EOF
$ mv ~/.local/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/lib/python3.3/distutils/distutils.cfg ~/tmp/
$ cat ~/tmp/distutils.cfg
[install]
install-scripts=/Users/gatto/.local/share/python3
install-lib=/Users/gatto/.local/lib/python3.3/site-packages
$ . venv/bin/activate
(venv) $ python distribute-0.6.36/distribute_setup.py
(venv) $ ls venv/lib/python3.3/site-packages/
distribute-0.6.36-py3.3.egg easy-install.pth setuptools-0.6c11-py3.3.egg-info setuptools.pth
请参阅 bugs.python.org 上的“distutils.cfg Can Break venv”问题。