使用openpyxl获取Excel单元格背景主题颜色为十六进制

Question

我正在使用 openpyxl python 库读取 *xlsx 文件，并且在其他数据中我想获取有关单元格背景颜色的信息。

我通常使用的这段代码，虽然我的工作表仅包含标准颜色，但它返回了类似“FFFFC000”的字符串格式的内容，我可以进一步使用。

color = cell.fill.start_color.index

在我遇到包含主题颜色单元格的文档后，它只返回此类单元格的整数，例如“1”或“9”，因为我可以猜测它等于菜单中的主题颜色列：

有什么方法可以获取此类主题颜色的十六进制或RGB信息吗？

Answer 1

遵循@Sib的工作，并更新为使用

items(x)

而不是已弃用的

x.getchildren()

（请参阅https://docs.python.org/3/whatsnew/3.9.html?highlight=getchildren#removed）

from colorsys import rgb_to_hls, hls_to_rgb
# From: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/58429823/getting-excel-cell-background-themed-color-as-hex-with-openpyxl/58443509#58443509
#   which refers to: https://pastebin.com/B2nGEGX2 (October 2020)
#       Updated to use list(elem) instead of the deprecated elem.getchildren() method
#       which has now been removed completely from Python 3.9 onwards.
#

#https://bitbucket.org/openpyxl/openpyxl/issues/987/add-utility-functions-for-colors-to-help

RGBMAX = 0xff  # Corresponds to 255
HLSMAX = 240  # MS excel's tint function expects that HLS is base 240. see:
# https://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/e9d8c136-6d62-4098-9b1b-dac786149f43/excel-color-tint-algorithm-incorrect?forum=os_binaryfile#d3c2ac95-52e0-476b-86f1-e2a697f24969

def rgb_to_ms_hls(red, green=None, blue=None):
    """Converts rgb values in range (0,1) or a hex string of the form '[#aa]rrggbb' to HLSMAX based HLS, (alpha values are ignored)"""
    if green is None:
        if isinstance(red, str):
            if len(red) > 6:
                red = red[-6:]  # Ignore preceding '#' and alpha values
            blue = int(red[4:], 16) / RGBMAX
            green = int(red[2:4], 16) / RGBMAX
            red = int(red[0:2], 16) / RGBMAX
        else:
            red, green, blue = red
    h, l, s = rgb_to_hls(red, green, blue)
    return (int(round(h * HLSMAX)), int(round(l * HLSMAX)), int(round(s * HLSMAX)))

def ms_hls_to_rgb(hue, lightness=None, saturation=None):
    """Converts HLSMAX based HLS values to rgb values in the range (0,1)"""
    if lightness is None:
        hue, lightness, saturation = hue
    return hls_to_rgb(hue / HLSMAX, lightness / HLSMAX, saturation / HLSMAX)

def rgb_to_hex(red, green=None, blue=None):
    """Converts (0,1) based RGB values to a hex string 'rrggbb'"""
    if green is None:
        red, green, blue = red
    return ('%02x%02x%02x' % (int(round(red * RGBMAX)), int(round(green * RGBMAX)), int(round(blue * RGBMAX)))).upper()


def get_theme_colors(wb):
    """Gets theme colors from the workbook"""
    # see: https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/openpyxl-users/I0k3TfqNLrc
    from openpyxl.xml.functions import QName, fromstring
    xlmns = 'http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/drawingml/2006/main'
    root = fromstring(wb.loaded_theme)
    themeEl = root.find(QName(xlmns, 'themeElements').text)
    colorSchemes = themeEl.findall(QName(xlmns, 'clrScheme').text)
    firstColorScheme = colorSchemes[0]

    colors = []

    for c in ['lt1', 'dk1', 'lt2', 'dk2', 'accent1', 'accent2', 'accent3', 'accent4', 'accent5', 'accent6']:
        accent = firstColorScheme.find(QName(xlmns, c).text)
        for i in list(accent): # walk all child nodes, rather than assuming [0]
            if 'window' in i.attrib['val']:
                colors.append(i.attrib['lastClr'])
            else:
                colors.append(i.attrib['val'])

    return colors

def tint_luminance(tint, lum):
    """Tints a HLSMAX based luminance"""
    # See: http://ciintelligence.blogspot.co.uk/2012/02/converting-excel-theme-color-and-tint.html
    if tint < 0:
        return int(round(lum * (1.0 + tint)))
    else:
        return int(round(lum * (1.0 - tint) + (HLSMAX - HLSMAX * (1.0 - tint))))

def theme_and_tint_to_rgb(wb, theme, tint):
    """Given a workbook, a theme number and a tint return a hex based rgb"""
    rgb = get_theme_colors(wb)[theme]
    h, l, s = rgb_to_ms_hls(rgb)
    return rgb_to_hex(ms_hls_to_rgb(h, tint_luminance(tint, l), s))

Answer 2

经过几个小时的谷歌搜索终于找到了解决方案 - 提出的想法在openpyxl中添加主题+色调到RGB之间的转换。导入他们的一组颜色转换函数，我可以将我的解决方案减少到接下来的步骤：

wb = load_workbook(filename, data_only=True)
theme = cell.fill.start_color.theme
tint = cell.fill.start_color.tint
color = theme_and_tint_to_rgb(wb, theme, tint)