如何在特定时间在Android上发出通知？

问题描述 投票：19回答：4

我想在特定时间通知我的应用。每天说我必须在上午7点发出通知，即使该应用程序已关闭。

我怎样才能做到这一点？任何教程？请提及链接。

android android-notifications
4个回答
25
投票

首先，您需要使用广播接收器。并且因为广播接收器只能在短时间内启动

来自android开发人员博客。当处理广播时，应用程序将获得一组固定的时间（当前为10秒）来完成其工作。如果它在那段时间内没有完成，那么应用程序被认为是行为不端，并且如果需要，它的进程立即被抛入后台状态以便为内存被杀死。

在这里使用意图服务是一个更好的做法，你有一个例子如何做到这一点。

这是广播接收器类。

public class MyReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
    public MyReceiver() {
    }

    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {

        Intent intent1 = new Intent(context, MyNewIntentService.class);
        context.startService(intent1);
    }
}

并在清单中注册。

<receiver
    android:name=".MyReceiver"
    android:enabled="true"
    android:exported="false" >
</receiver>

这是意图服务类。

public class MyNewIntentService extends IntentService {
    private static final int NOTIFICATION_ID = 3;

    public MyNewIntentService() {
        super("MyNewIntentService");
    }

    @Override
    protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {
        Notification.Builder builder = new Notification.Builder(this);
            builder.setContentTitle("My Title");
            builder.setContentText("This is the Body");
            builder.setSmallIcon(R.drawable.whatever);
        Intent notifyIntent = new Intent(this, MainActivity.class);
        PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 2, notifyIntent, PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT);
        //to be able to launch your activity from the notification 
        builder.setContentIntent(pendingIntent);
        Notification notificationCompat = builder.build();
        NotificationManagerCompat managerCompat = NotificationManagerCompat.from(this);
        managerCompat.notify(NOTIFICATION_ID, notificationCompat);
    }
}

并在清单中注册。

<service
    android:name=".MyNewIntentService"
    android:exported="false" >
</service>

然后在你的活动中设置闹钟管理器以在特定时间启动广播接收器并使用AlarmManager setRepeating方法重复它，此示例将在每天重复播放。

 Intent notifyIntent = new Intent(this,MyReceiver.class);
PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast
            (context, NOTIFICATION_REMINDER_NIGHT, notifyIntent, PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT);
AlarmManager alarmManager = (AlarmManager) context.getSystemService(Context.ALARM_SERVICE);
alarmManager.setRepeating(AlarmManager.RTC_WAKEUP,  System.currentTimeMillis(),
            1000 * 60 * 60 * 24, pendingIntent);

我希望这能帮到您。

14
投票

由于后台服务限制（https://developer.android.com/about/versions/oreo/background.html#services），来自接受的答案的解决方案将无法在Android 8 Oreo（api级别26）及更高版本上正常运行，并且当应用程序处于后台时将导致此类异常：

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Not allowed to start service Intent xxx: app is in background

可能的解决方法之一是使用JobIntentService：

  1. 从Service而不是JobIntentService扩展你的IntentService并使用onHandleWork方法而不是onHandleIntent。
  2. 将android:permission="android.permission.BIND_JOB_SERVICE"添加到Service的AndroidManifest.xml。
9
投票

您可以使用AlarmManager在指定时间设置警报

SharedPreferences prefs = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(this);
if (!prefs.getBoolean("firstTime", false)) {

    Intent alarmIntent = new Intent(this, AlarmReceiver.class);
    PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(this, 0, alarmIntent, 0);

    AlarmManager manager = (AlarmManager) getSystemService(Context.ALARM_SERVICE);

    Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
    calendar.setTimeInMillis(System.currentTimeMillis());
    calendar.set(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, 7);
    calendar.set(Calendar.MINUTE, 0);
    calendar.set(Calendar.SECOND, 1);

    manager.setRepeating(AlarmManager.RTC_WAKEUP, calendar.getTimeInMillis(),
            AlarmManager.INTERVAL_DAY, pendingIntent);

    SharedPreferences.Editor editor = prefs.edit();
    editor.putBoolean("firstTime", true);
    editor.apply();
}

我使用SharedPreferences检查这不是第一次运行应用程序，如果是，你设置该警报，否则什么也不做，而不是每次启动你的应用程序时重置警报。 发生警报时，请使用BroadcastReceiver进行收听

public class AlarmReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        // show toast
        Toast.makeText(context, "Alarm running", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
}

使用另一个接收器收听设备启动，以便您可以重置警报

public class DeviceBootReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        if (intent.getAction().equals("android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED")) {
            // on device boot compelete, reset the alarm
            Intent alarmIntent = new Intent(context, AlarmReceiver.class);
            PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(context, 0, alarmIntent, 0);

            AlarmManager manager = (AlarmManager) context.getSystemService(Context.ALARM_SERVICE);

            Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
            calendar.setTimeInMillis(System.currentTimeMillis());
            calendar.set(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, 7);
            calendar.set(Calendar.MINUTE, 0);
            calendar.set(Calendar.SECOND, 1);

            manager.setRepeating(AlarmManager.RTC_WAKEUP, calendar.getTimeInMillis(),
                    AlarmManager.INTERVAL_DAY, pendingIntent);
        }
    }
}

将权限添加到清单

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WAKE_LOCK" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED" />

然后注册您的接收器

<receiver android:name=".DeviceBootReceiver">
    <intent-filter>
        <action android:name="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED" />
    </intent-filter>
</receiver>
<receiver android:name=".AlarmReceiver" />
1
投票
  • 从系统获取警报服务。
  • 制作待定意图，传入广播接收器类的名称。
  • 制作一个日历对象，并将其时间设置为早上8点。
  • 检查当前时间是否超过8.如果是，则再添加一天。
  • 调用AlarmManager类的set重复方法。

相同的示例代码：

alarmManager = (AlarmManager) getSystemService(ALARM_SERVICE);   
alarmIntent = new Intent(context of current file, AlarmReceiver1.class); 
AlarmReceiver1 = broadcast receiver

    pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(  Menu.this, 0, alarmIntent, 
PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT);
    alarmIntent.setData((Uri.parse("custom://"+System.currentTimeMillis())));
    alarmManager.cancel(pendingIntent);

    Calendar alarmStartTime = Calendar.getInstance();
    Calendar now = Calendar.getInstance();
    alarmStartTime.set(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, 8);
    alarmStartTime.set(Calendar.MINUTE, 00);
    alarmStartTime.set(Calendar.SECOND, 0);
    if (now.after(alarmStartTime)) {
        Log.d("Hey","Added a day");
        alarmStartTime.add(Calendar.DATE, 1);
    }

     alarmManager.setRepeating(AlarmManager.RTC_WAKEUP, 
alarmStartTime.getTimeInMillis(), AlarmManager.INTERVAL_DAY, pendingIntent);
     Log.d("Alarm","Alarms set for everyday 8 am.");

来到广播接收器类。您需要在清单中注册您的广播接收器。这将导致您接收时钟事件。覆盖此广播接收器的onReceive方法并在其中进行通知或制作单独的通知构建服务，并在那里构建和显示您的通知。

清单代码片段：

广播接收器代码段：

public class AlarmReceiver1 extends BroadcastReceiver {

@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
  Intent service1 = new Intent(context, NotificationService1.class);
service1.setData((Uri.parse("custom://"+System.currentTimeMillis())));
          context.startService(service1);
}

通知构建服务代码段：

public class NotificationService1 extends IntentService{

private NotificationManager notificationManager;
private PendingIntent pendingIntent;
private static int NOTIFICATION_ID = 1;
Notification notification;
@Override
protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {
Context context = this.getApplicationContext();
       notificationManager = 
(NotificationManager)context.getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
Intent mIntent = new Intent(this, Activity to be opened after clicking on the 
notif);
        Bundle bundle = new Bundle(); 
        bundle.putString("test", "test");
        mIntent.putExtras(bundle);
        pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(context, 0, mIntent, 
PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT);     

        Resources res = this.getResources();
        NotificationCompat.Builder builder = new NotificationCompat.Builder(this);
        Uri soundUri = RingtoneManager.getDefaultUri(RingtoneManager.TYPE_ALARM);
        notification = new NotificationCompat.Builder(this)
                    .setContentIntent(pendingIntent)
                    .setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher)
                    .setLargeIcon(BitmapFactory.decodeResource(res, R.drawable.ic_launcher))
                    .setTicker("ticker value")
                    .setAutoCancel(true)
                    .setPriority(8)
                    .setSound(soundUri)
                    .setContentTitle("Notif title")
                    .setContentText("Text").build();
        notification.flags |= Notification.FLAG_AUTO_CANCEL | Notification.FLAG_SHOW_LIGHTS;
        notification.defaults |= Notification.DEFAULT_SOUND | Notification.DEFAULT_VIBRATE;
        notification.ledARGB = 0xFFFFA500;
        notification.ledOnMS = 800;
        notification.ledOffMS = 1000;
        notificationManager = (NotificationManager)getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
        notificationManager.notify(NOTIFICATION_ID, notification);
        Log.i("notif","Notifications sent.");

}

}
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