两个文件的差异检查器，并显示不同的行

Question

你好，我已经在使用这段代码了，

我有两个文件standard.txt，new.txt

standard.txt具有：ABC123ABC003ABC004new.txt具有：ABC123ABC004

我能够显示文件中的差异，但是我对实际显示哪行具有差异感兴趣。如果有人可以帮忙看看，并举例说明我做错了什么，那将非常有帮助我的代码是：

def open_file_and_return_list(file_path):
    list = []
    with open(file_path, 'r') as f:
        line = f.readline()
        while line:
            list.append(line)
            line = f.readline()
    return list

def clean_new_line(list):
    for i in range(len(list)):
        if "\n" in list[i]:
            list[i] = list[i].replace("\n", "")
    return list


if __name__ == "__main__":
    list1 = open_file_and_return_list(r"C:\Users\a\a\b\file_compare\new.txt")
    list2 = open_file_and_return_list(r"C:\Users\a\a\b\file_compare\standard.txt")
    list1 = clean_new_line(list1)
    list2 = clean_new_line(list2)
    diff = []
    for obj in list1:
        if obj not in list2:
            diff.append(obj)
    for obj in list2:
        if obj not in list1:
            diff.append(obj)

    print(diff)

    diff_file = input("\nINFO: Select what to name the difference(s) : ")
    with open(diff_file, 'w') as file_out:
        for line in diff:
            file_out.write("** WARNING: Difference found in New Config:\n " + line + "\n")
            print("WARNING: Difference in file: " + line)

例如，我正在比较的文件是两个配置文件，因此差异可能显示在两个不同的行上，因此，我不想将每个差异显示为1、2、3，而是说例如在第105行：*****差异***

也许我需要为此做些石灰吗？

for i,lines2 in enumerate(hosts1):
if lines2 != lines1[i]:
    print "line ", i, " in hosts1 is different \n"
    print lines2
else:
    print "same"

并使用枚举？

Answer 1

[enumerate和zip是您的朋友在这里。要获得差异，我会做类似的事情：

# Make sure both lists of lines are same length (for zip)
maxl = max(len(list1), len(list2))                                          
list1 += [''] * (maxl - len(list1))                                         
list2 += [''] * (maxl - len(list2))                                         

for iline, (l1, l2) in enumerate(zip(list1, list2)):
    if l1 != l2:
        print(iline, l1, l2)

此外，（1）永远不要使用list作为变量名，因为它是python中的内置类名，并且（2）要从文件中获取所有行，则存在以下一行：

lines = open('path_to_file').read().splitlines()

Answer 2

我能够完成我想要混合使用一堆方法的任务。谢谢！

def open_file_and_return_list(file_path):
    list = []
    with open(file_path, 'r') as f:
        line = f.readline()
        while line:
            list.append(line)
            line = f.readline()
    return list


def clean_new_line(list):
    for i in range(len(list)):
        if "\n" in list[i]:
            list[i] = list[i].replace("\n", "")
    return list


if __name__ == "__main__":
    list1 = open_file_and_return_list(r"new.txt")
    list2 = open_file_and_return_list(r"standard.txt")
    maxl = max(len(list1), len(list2))
    list1 += [''] * (maxl - len(list1))
    list2 += [''] * (maxl - len(list2))
    diff = []
    diff_file = input("\nINFO: Select what to name the difference(s) : ")
    open('diff.txt', 'w').close()

    for iline, (l1, l2) in enumerate(zip(list1, list2)):
        if l1 != l2:
            print(iline, l1, l2)
            print(iline, l1, l2, file=open('diff.txt', 'a'))