有没有办法用Java制作离散信号图？

Question

我想用Java制作一个离散信号图，就像在matlab中使用stem()命令时一样，这样当给它一个x轴数组和一个y轴数组时，它就像一个散点图绘制一条与 x 轴相连的垂直线。

我尝试使用 JFreeChart 来执行此操作，但它没有专门的离散图。我最接近的是要求 ChatGPT 制作散点图并将线条连接到底部，它给了我以下代码：

package z;

import org.jfree.chart.ChartFactory;
import org.jfree.chart.ChartPanel;
import org.jfree.chart.JFreeChart;
import org.jfree.chart.plot.PlotOrientation;
import org.jfree.chart.plot.XYPlot;
import org.jfree.chart.renderer.xy.XYItemRenderer;
import org.jfree.chart.ui.ApplicationFrame;
import org.jfree.chart.ui.RectangleInsets;
import org.jfree.data.xy.DefaultXYDataset;
import org.jfree.data.xy.XYSeries;
import org.jfree.data.xy.XYSeriesCollection;

import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Shape;
import java.awt.geom.Ellipse2D;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;
import org.jfree.chart.renderer.xy.XYLineAndShapeRenderer;

public class ScatterPlotWithLines extends ApplicationFrame {

    public ScatterPlotWithLines(String title) {
        super(title);

        // Create a dataset with 10 random data points
        XYSeriesCollection dataset = createScatterDataset(10);

        // Create the scatter plot
        JFreeChart chart = ChartFactory.createScatterPlot(
                "Scatter Plot with Lines",
                "X-Axis Label",
                "Y-Axis Label",
                dataset,
                PlotOrientation.VERTICAL,
                true,
                true,
                false
        );

        // Customize the plot and renderer for scatter points (optional)
        XYPlot plot = (XYPlot) chart.getPlot();
        XYItemRenderer renderer = plot.getRenderer();

        // Customize the renderer for scatter points (e.g., change the shape and color of points)
        Shape pointShape = new Ellipse2D.Double(-3, -3, 6, 6); // Example shape
        renderer.setSeriesShape(0, pointShape);
        renderer.setSeriesPaint(0, Color.blue);

        // Create a dataset for lines connecting the data points to the x-axis
        DefaultXYDataset lineDataset = createLineDataset(dataset);

        // Create a renderer for the lines
        XYItemRenderer lineRenderer = new XYLineAndShapeRenderer(true, false);
        lineRenderer.setSeriesPaint(0, Color.red); // Line color

        plot.setDataset(1, lineDataset); // Add the line dataset to the plot
        plot.setRenderer(1, lineRenderer); // Set the line renderer for the new dataset

        // Set margin for the plot
        plot.setAxisOffset(new RectangleInsets(5.0, 5.0, 5.0, 5.0));

        // Create a ChartPanel and add it to the frame
        ChartPanel chartPanel = new ChartPanel(chart);
        chartPanel.setPreferredSize(new java.awt.Dimension(800, 600));
        setContentPane(chartPanel);
    }

    private XYSeriesCollection createScatterDataset(int numPoints) {
        XYSeriesCollection dataset = new XYSeriesCollection();
        XYSeries series = new XYSeries("Scatter Plot");

        // Generate random data points for the series
        Random rand = new Random();
        for (int i = 0; i < numPoints; i++) {
            double x = rand.nextDouble() * 10;
            double y = rand.nextDouble() * 10;
            series.add(x, y);
        }

        dataset.addSeries(series);

        return dataset;
    }

    private DefaultXYDataset createLineDataset(XYSeriesCollection scatterDataset) {
        DefaultXYDataset lineDataset = new DefaultXYDataset();

        // Create lines connecting data points to the x-axis
        for (int i = 0; i < scatterDataset.getSeriesCount(); i++) {
            XYSeries scatterSeries = scatterDataset.getSeries(i);
            double[][] lineData = new double[2][scatterSeries.getItemCount() * 2];

            for (int j = 0; j < scatterSeries.getItemCount(); j++) {
                double x = scatterSeries.getX(j).doubleValue();
                double y = scatterSeries.getY(j).doubleValue();

                // Add the data point
                lineData[0][j * 2] = x;
                lineData[1][j * 2] = y;

                // Connect to the x-axis
                lineData[0][j * 2 + 1] = x;
                lineData[1][j * 2 + 1] = 0;
            }

            lineDataset.addSeries("Lines", lineData);
        }

        return lineDataset;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SwingUtilities.invokeLater(() -> {
            ScatterPlotWithLines example = new ScatterPlotWithLines("Scatter Plot with Lines");
            example.pack();
            example.setDefaultCloseOperation(ApplicationFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
            example.setVisible(true);
        });
    }
}

并且它有效，有点：

我知道它制作了不同的数据集并将点连接起来，但是是否可以仅使用垂直线？我知道我可以使用其他语言（例如 Python 和 MatLab）轻松地做到这一点，我只是想知道是否可以用 Java 做到这一点。

Answer 1

正如@Ahmed AEK comments，您可以调整数据集以“使其看起来更像stem”。还要考虑，

• HighLowRenderer

  ，适合连续数据；

  setDraw [Close|Open] Ticks()

  方法控制刻度线可见性。

• MinMaxCategoryRenderer

  ，适用于类别数据；图标可以替换为自定义实现，如此处和此处所示。