为什么我的项目中不能使用@Before注解？ “之前无法解析为类型”

Question

我在 Spring 应用程序中遇到了奇怪的行为。

我正在尝试创建一个像这样的 JUnit 测试类：

public class AppTest {

@Before
public void setUp() {
    // Create the application from the configuration
    ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext( ApplicationConfig.class )
    // Look up the application service interface
    service = (TransferService) context.getBean(TransferService.class);
    }

}

主要问题是我在 setUp() 方法的 @Before 注释上收到错误。它对我说：之前无法解析为类型

似乎找不到 @Before 注释的依赖关系。

这是我在 pom.xml 文件中的依赖项：

<properties>
    <org.springframework.version>3.2.16.RELEASE</org.springframework.version>
</properties>


<dependencies>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
        <version>${org.springframework.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- Bean Factory and JavaBeans utilities (depends on spring-core) Define 
        this if you use Spring Bean APIs (org.springframework.beans.*) -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
        <version>${org.springframework.version}</version>
    </dependency>


    <!-- Core utilities used by other modules. Define this if you use Spring 
        Utility APIs (org.springframework.core.*/org.springframework.util.*) -->

    <!-- Aspect Oriented Programming (AOP) Framework (depends on spring-core, 
        spring-beans) Define this if you use Spring AOP APIs (org.springframework.aop.*) -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
        <version>${org.springframework.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- Application Context (depends on spring-core, spring-expression, spring-aop, 
        spring-beans) This is the central artifact for Spring's Dependency Injection 
        Container and is generally always defined -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
        <version>${org.springframework.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- Various Application Context utilities, including EhCache, JavaMail, 
        Quartz, and Freemarker integration Define this if you need any of these integrations -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
        <version>${org.springframework.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- Transaction Management Abstraction (depends on spring-core, spring-beans, 
        spring-aop, spring-context) Define this if you use Spring Transactions or 
        DAO Exception Hierarchy (org.springframework.transaction.*/org.springframework.dao.*) -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
        <version>${org.springframework.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- JDBC Data Access Library (depends on spring-core, spring-beans, spring-context, 
        spring-tx) Define this if you use Spring's JdbcTemplate API (org.springframework.jdbc.*) -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
        <version>${org.springframework.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <!--  
    <dependency>
        <groupId>FTP-MANAGER</groupId>
        <artifactId>FTP-MANAGER</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </dependency>
    -->

    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.mail</groupId>
        <artifactId>mail</artifactId>
        <version>1.4</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>3.8.1</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>log4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
        <version>1.2.16</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- JDBC 3.0 driver for Microsoft SQL Server and Sybase -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>net.sourceforge.jtds</groupId>
        <artifactId>jtds</artifactId>
        <version>1.2.4</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- Contiene la classe BasicDataSource -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>
        <artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>
        <version>1.4</version>
    </dependency>   
</dependencies>

我错过了什么？怎么了？我该如何解决这个问题？

Answer 1

@Before

从 junit 4.x 开始可用，请更改为较新版本的 Junit。

<dependency>
    <groupId>junit</groupId>
    <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
    <version>4.11</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

Answer 2

@BeforeEach

和

@BeforeAll

是

本教程

、

 中的 

@Before 和 @BeforeClass

的 JUnit 5 等效项

使用

@BeforeEach

有效。