Android 12蓝牙权限混乱

问题描述 投票：0回答：5

所以在 API 31 中有新的蓝牙权限。我想用这个打开或关闭蓝牙：

private void changeBluetoothState(boolean status) {
    BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
    if (status)
        mBluetoothAdapter.enable();
    else mBluetoothAdapter.disable();
}

并且在清单中我已经有了这个：

<uses-permission
    android:name="android.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS"
    tools:ignore="ProtectedPermissions" />

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />

<uses-feature
    android:name="android.hardware.bluetooth"
    android:required="false" />

Android 文档表示，如果针对 API 31 或更高版本，则将 

android:maxSdkVersion="30"
添加到上述蓝牙权限中。我还在 Android Studio 中收到一个错误，enable() 和disable() 函数需要
"android.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT"
。

  1. 如果添加

    android:maxSdkVersion="30"
    告诉系统忽略 关于更高 API 的声明是可选的而不是强制性的， 这是否意味着不添加它将使该语句继续工作 更高的 API？

  2. 如果

    "android.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT"
    允许我的应用程序 与其他蓝牙设备交互那么为什么需要 启用或禁用原始设备上的蓝牙适配器？

  3. 如果运行时需要请求BLUETOOTH_CONNECT权限 正确的完整方法是什么？意思是检查它是否已经存在 如果没有授予，则请求它。我没有 Android 12 设备，所以 无法测试此代码。

android bluetooth android-permissions
5个回答
13
投票

针对Android 12我的工作解决方案是通过这种方式声明权限：

<!--Before Android 12 (but still needed location, even if not requested)-->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" android:maxSdkVersion="30" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" android:maxSdkVersion="30" />
<!--From Android 12-->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_SCAN" android:usesPermissionFlags="neverForLocation" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT" />

就像你说的，BLUETOOTH_SCAN是不够的，你需要BLUETOOTH_CONNECT（如果你像我一样决定要求用户启用蓝牙，通过操作BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE启动新的startActivityForResult）

如果需要在运行时请求 BLUETOOTH_CONNECT 权限，正确的完整方法是什么？意思是检查它是否已经被授予，如果没有则请求它。我没有 Android 12 设备，因此无法测试此代码。

是的，与在 Android 上请求位置权限的方式相同< 12 (not need anymore) now you ask for both BLUETOOTH_SCAN and BLUETOOTH_CONNECT

1
投票

为了改进@AndreasGobs的答案，请在代码下方根据当前可用权限测试与设备的连接是否可行。 在清单中，我设置了 COARSE 和 FINE 位置权限必须限制为最大 API 30。 在 Android 6、8.1、11 和 12 设备上进行了测试。 我希望这会有用。

/**
 * - API < S
 *   - Check ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION and ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION permissions
 *   - API < O
 *     - Check has GPS
 *     - Check GPS enabled
 * - API >= S
 *   - Check BLUETOOTH_SCAN permission
 *   - Check BLUETOOTH_CONNECT permission
 * - Check Bluetooth enabled
 */
private boolean canConnect(){
    Timber.d("canConnect called");
    List<String> deniedPermissions = new ArrayList<>();
    if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.S) {
        if (!checkPermission(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION))
            deniedPermissions.add(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION);
        if (!checkPermission(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION))
            deniedPermissions.add(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION);
        if(deniedPermissions.isEmpty()){
            if (!MmcDeviceCapabilities.hasLocationGps() //check if the device has GPS
                    || Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.O
                    || MmcDeviceCapabilities.isGpsEnabled()){ //check if the GPS is enabled
                if(MmcDeviceCapabilities.bluetoothEnabled()) //check if bluetooth is enabled
                    return true;
                else {
                    requestEnableBluetooth(); //method to request enable bluetooth
                    return false;
                }
            }
            else {
                Timber.d("Request enable GPS");
                requestEnableGps(); //method to request enable GPS (improving devices scan)
                return false;
            }
        }
        else {
            Timber.d("Request GPS permissions");
            requestRuntimePermissions(
                    "Bluetooth GPS request",
                    "GPS permissions request rationale",
                    GPS_PERMISSIONS_CODE,
                    deniedPermissions.toArray(new String[0]));
            return false;
        }
    }
    else { // Build.VERSION_CODES.S or later
        if(!checkPermission(Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_SCAN))
            deniedPermissions.add(Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_SCAN);
        if(!checkPermission(Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT))
            deniedPermissions.add(Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT);
        if(deniedPermissions.isEmpty())
            if(MmcDeviceCapabilities.bluetoothEnabled()) //check if bluetooth is enabled
                return true;
            else {
                requestEnableBluetooth(); //method to request enable bluetooth
                return false;
            }
        else {
            Timber.d("Request bluetooth permissions");
            requestRuntimePermissions(
                    "Bluetooth permissions request",
                    "Bluetooth permissions request rationale",
                    CONNECT_PERMISSIONS_CODE,
                    deniedPermissions.toArray(new String[0]));
            return false;
        }
    }
}
/**
 * This method checks if a runtime permission has been granted.
 * @param permission The permission to check.
 * @return <code>TRUE</code> if the permission has been granted, <code>FALSE</code> otherwise.
 */
@SuppressWarnings("BooleanMethodIsAlwaysInverted")
private boolean checkPermission(@NonNull String permission){
    return ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, permission)
            == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
}
private void requestRuntimePermissions(@NonNull String title, @NonNull String description, int requestCode, @NonNull String... permissions){
    if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(this, permissions[0])) {
        AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(MainActivity.this);
        builder
                .setTitle(title)
                .setMessage(description)
                .setCancelable(false)
                .setNegativeButton(android.R.string.no, (dialog, id) -> {
                    //do nothing
                })
                .setPositiveButton(android.R.string.ok, (dialog, id) -> ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, permissions, requestCode));
        showDialog(builder); //method to show a dialog
    }
    else ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, permissions, requestCode);
}
1
投票

这对我在 Android 12 上使用 React Native 0.68.5 有效

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" android:maxSdkVersion="30" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" android:maxSdkVersion="30" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_SCAN" android:usesPermissionFlags="neverForLocation" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT" />
0
投票

我正在使用 React Native 0.64，并且我在 Android 12+ 上遇到了一些类似的问题

我的清单文件

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" android:maxSdkVersion="30" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" android:maxSdkVersion="30" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_SCAN" android:usesPermissionFlags="neverForLocation" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT" />

但这还不够，我仍然收到请求蓝牙权限的错误。

我发现 BLUETOOTH_SCAN 是导致我出现问题的原因。 因此，在请求许可后，我能够使用我的应用程序再次发现蓝牙设备

import {
  requestMultiple,
  PERMISSIONS,
  RESULTS,
} from "react-native-permissions";

然后我就有了这个帮手

let androidPermissions = [PERMISSIONS.ANDROID.BLUETOOTH_SCAN];

const isAndroid12OrGreater = await IS_ANDROID_12_OR_GREATER(); // <-- helper I created to check Android version
if (isAndroid && isAndroid12OrGreater)
  android.push(PERMISSIONS.ANDROID.BLUETOOTH_SCAN); // <-- this one solved the issue in my case

const statuses = await requestMultiple(androidPermissions);
        
return Object.values(statuses).some(el => el === RESULTS.GRANTED); // and then I do some stuff with the results
0
投票

Android 12+ 需要蓝牙的运行时权限。

这是一个用于使设备可发现的蓝牙运行时权限的 Kotlin 示例...

 val activityResultLauncher = registerForActivityResult(
        ActivityResultContracts.StartActivityForResult()
    ) { result: ActivityResult ->
        if (result.resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
            // There are no request codes
            result.data
        } else {
            // Do something
        }
    }

 if (bluetoothAdapter?.isEnabled == true) {

    if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.S) {

        fun hasPermissions(context: Context, vararg permissions: String): Boolean =
            permissions.all {
                ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(
                    context,
                    it
                ) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
            }

        val permissionAll = 1
        val permissions =
            arrayOf(
                // dev manual says need these for API 30 (v11) or lower, not added to manifest, will try without
                // Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION,
                // Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION,
                Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADVERTISE,
                Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT,
                Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_SCAN
            )

        if (!hasPermissions(requireContext(), *permissions)) {
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(
                (activity as MainActivity),
                permissions,
                permissionAll
            )
        }

    } else {

        TODO("VERSION.SDK_INT < S")
    }

    val intentDiscover = Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE)
    activityResultLauncher.launch(intentDiscover)
 }
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