在Django中运行纯SQL查询时如何获取字段名称

Question

在我的django视图之一中，我使用普通sql（不是orm）查询数据库并返回结果。

sql = "select * from foo_bar"
cursor = connection.cursor()
cursor.execute(sql)
rows = cursor.fetchall()

我得到的数据很好，但是列名却没有。如何获取返回的结果集的字段名称？

Answer 1

根据PEP 249，您可以尝试使用cursor.description，但这并不完全可靠。

Answer 2

[在Django docs上，提供了一个非常简单的方法（确实使用cursor.description，正如Ignacio回答）。

def dictfetchall(cursor):
    "Returns all rows from a cursor as a dict"
    desc = cursor.description
    return [
        dict(zip([col[0] for col in desc], row))
        for row in cursor.fetchall()
    ]

Answer 3

我在Doug Hellmann的博客中找到了一个不错的解决方案：

http://doughellmann.com/2007/12/30/using-raw-sql-in-django.html

from itertools import *
from django.db import connection

def query_to_dicts(query_string, *query_args):
    """Run a simple query and produce a generator
    that returns the results as a bunch of dictionaries
    with keys for the column values selected.
    """
    cursor = connection.cursor()
    cursor.execute(query_string, query_args)
    col_names = [desc[0] for desc in cursor.description]
    while True:
        row = cursor.fetchone()
        if row is None:
            break
        row_dict = dict(izip(col_names, row))
        yield row_dict
    return

示例用法：

  row_dicts = query_to_dicts("""select * from table""") 

Answer 4

尝试以下代码：def read_data（db_name，tbl_name）：详细信息= sfconfig_1.dbdetailsconnect_string ='DRIVER =用于SQL Server的ODBC驱动程序17； SERVER = {服务器}; DATABASE = {数据库}; UID = {用户名} \; PWD = {密码};加密=是; TrustServerCertificate =是'.format（**详细信息）

connection = pyodbc.connect(connect_string)#connecting to the server
print("connencted to db")
# query syntax 

query = 'select top 100 * from '+'[{}].[dbo].[{}]'.format(db_name,tbl_name) + ' t where t.chargeid ='+ "'622102*3'"+';'
#print(query,"\n")
df    = pd.read_sql_query(query,con=connection)
print(df.iloc[0])

return "connected to db...................."