第二个网页的类对象未在 Cucumber 中初始化

Question

我正在处理一个 Cucumber 场景，该场景使用 Selenium 来导航酒店预订网站、登录，然后继续预订房间。该代码使用两个页面工厂类：

1. BookRoomLoginPage_PF

   - 管理登录过程。

2. BookRoomBookingPage_PF

   - 管理实际的房间预订。

创建

BookRoomLoginPage_PF

实例后，用户名和密码输入功能正常。然而，登录后，当尝试使用

BookRoomBookingPage_PF

的实例预订酒店时，我发现该对象为空。包含步骤定义的类名为

BookRoom.java

。

BookRoomBookingPage_PF.java

package pagefactory;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindBy;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;

public class BookRoomLoginPage_PF {
  private WebDriver driver2;
  
  @FindBy(id="username")
  private WebElement txt_username;
  
  @FindBy(id="password")
  private WebElement txt_password;
  
  @FindBy(id="doLogin")
  private WebElement loginButton;
  
  public BookRoomLoginPage_PF(WebDriver driver1) {
    this.driver2 = driver1;
    PageFactory.initElements(driver1, this);
  }
  
  public void gotWebSite() {
    driver2.navigate().to("https://automationintesting.online/#/admin");
  }

  public void enterUserNameAndPassword(String username, String password) {
    txt_username.sendKeys(username);
    txt_password.sendKeys(password);
    loginButton.click();
  }
}

BookRoomBookingPage_PF.java

package pagefactory;

import org.openqa.selenium.*;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.*;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.*;

public class BookRoomBookingPage_PF {
  private WebDriver driver;
  
  @FindBy(xpath="//a[@id='frontPageLink']")
  private WebElement frontPageLink;
  
  @FindBy(id="roomName")
  WebElement txt_roomNumber;
  
  @FindBy(id="type")
  WebElement roomTypeDropDown;
  
  @FindBy(id="accessible")
  WebElement accessibleTrueFalse;
  
  @FindBy(id="roomPrice")
  WebElement roomPriceText;
  
  @FindBy(id="wifiCheckbox")
  WebElement wifiCheckBox;
  
  @FindBy(id="safeCheckbox")
  WebElement safeCheckbox;
  
  @FindBy(id="createRoom")
  WebElement createRoomButton;
  
  public BookRoomBookingPage_PF(WebDriver driver1) {
    this.driver = driver1;
    PageFactory.initElements(driver1, this);
  }
  
  public BookRoomBookingPage_PF() {}

  public void validateUserReachedBooking() {
    WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 10);
    WebElement Category_Body = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id("frontPageLink")));
    String frontPageSTring = frontPageLink.getText();
    String expectedFrontPageText= "Front Page";
    Assert.assertEquals(frontPageSTring, expectedFrontPageText);
  }
  
  public void gotWebSite() {
    driver.navigate().to("https://automationintesting.online/#/admin");
  }

  public void enterRoomNumber(String numberForRoom) {
    txt_roomNumber.sendKeys(numberForRoom);
  }
  
  public void selectRoomType() {
    Select selectRoomType = new Select(roomTypeDropDown);
    selectRoomType.selectByVisibleText("Family");
  }
  
  public void setRoomAccessibility() {
    Select selectRoomAccessibility = new Select(accessibleTrueFalse);
    selectRoomAccessibility.selectByVisibleText("True");
  }
  
  public void enterRoomPrice(String numberForPrice) {
    txt_roomNumber.sendKeys(numberForPrice);
  }
  
  public void checkWifiBox() {
    wifiCheckBox.click();
  }
  
  public void checkSafeBox() {
    safeCheckbox.click();
  }
  
  public void createRoom() {
    createRoomButton.click();
  }
}

BookRoom.java

package StepDefinitions;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import org.openqa.selenium.*;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.*;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.*;
import io.cucumber.java.en.*;
import pagefactory.*;

public class BookRoom {
  public WebDriver driver;
  public WebDriver driver1 = null;
  private BookRoomLoginPage_PF bookRoomLoginPage_PF;
  BookRoomBookingPage_PF bookRoomBookingPage_PF;
  private ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();

  @Given("I am on the booking page")
  public void i_am_on_the_booking_page() {
    options = new ChromeOptions();
    options.addArguments("--remote-allow-origins=*");
    System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "C:/path-to-driver/chromedriver.exe");
    driver = new ChromeDriver(options);
    bookRoomLoginPage_PF= new BookRoomLoginPage_PF(driver);
    bookRoomLoginPage_PF.gotWebSite();
    bookRoomLoginPage_PF.enterUserNameAndPassword("admin", "password");
    driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
  }

  @When("I select the setting")
  public void i_select_the_setting() {
    driver.findElement(By.id("wifiCheckbox")).click();
  }

  @And("I select the room type")
  public void i_select_the_room_type() {
    bookRoomBookingPage_PF.selectRoomType();
  }

  // Rest of the step definitions...

}

BookRoom.feature

Feature: Verify you can book a room from the non admin website
  I want to use this template for my feature file

  Scenario Outline: Verify you can book a room
    Given I am on the booking page
    When I select the setting
    And I select the room type
    And I set Accessible to true
    And I enter <roomnumber> and <price>
    And I hit create
    Then  booking is listed

    Examples: 
      | roomnumber | price |
      |        108 |   326 |

任何人都可以帮助确定为什么

BookRoomBookingPage_PF

实例保持为空并且没有按预期执行吗？

Answer 1

我认为线路故障是

driver.findElement(By.id("wifiCheckbox")).click();

在您登录和新页面准备就绪之间，可能需要一些时间（加载 css、在后台运行任何 js 等）。请记住，selenium 可能比真实浏览器上的真实场景慢。所以我会添加一些检查来查看该元素是否可用，然后可能等待 1-2 秒，再次检查并继续或失败。

每次更改页面时，这是一个很好的做法，可以减少不稳定的情况。 另外，我想说，考虑添加这些检查作为步骤，以明确您需要它们并推动其他开发人员遵循这种方法。