我一直在尝试安装“kernlab”包，因为我正在尝试学习机器学习并需要它来支持向量机模型。我通过 Homebrew 下载了 GCC-13，它存储在 /opt/homebrew/opt 中（我知道这是一个非典型的下载位置）。我还制作了自己的 Makevars 文件，与 Rodrigo Zepeda 的博客一致（https://rodzepeda.medium.com/fixing-macos-catalinas-mess-when-trying-to-compile-almost-any-r-package-d94a063d64eb ）。我有 MacOS Sonoma 14.4.1（最新版本）、RStudio/2024.04.0+735 和 gcc-13。但是，当我去安装该软件包时，出现此错误：
> install.packages("kernlab")
Warning in install.packages :
unable to access index for repository http://cran.rstudio.com/bin/macosx/big-sur-arm64/contrib/4.1:
cannot open URL 'http://cran.rstudio.com/bin/macosx/big-sur-arm64/contrib/4.1/PACKAGES'
Package which is only available in source form,
and may need compilation of C/C++/Fortran:
‘kernlab’
Do you want to attempt to install these from sources? (Yes/no/cancel) Y
installing the source package ‘kernlab’
trying URL 'http://cran.rstudio.com/src/contrib/kernlab_0.9-32.tar.gz'
Content type 'application/x-gzip' length 1215773 bytes (1.2 MB)
==================================================
downloaded 1.2 MB
* installing *source* package ‘kernlab’ ...
** package ‘kernlab’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked
** using staged installation
** libs
/opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin/clang++ -I"/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Resources/include" -DNDEBUG -I/opt/homebrew/opt/icu4c/include -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libxml2/include -I/opt/homebrew/opt/[email protected]/include -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libpng/include/ -I/opt/homebrew/opt/gettext/include -I/opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/include -I/opt/homebrew/opt/openblas/include -I/opt/homebrew/opt/lapack/include -I/opt/homebrew/opt/tcl-tk/include -I/opt/homebrew/opt/udunits/include/ -I/opt/homebrew/opt/expat/include -I/opt/homebrew/opt/krb5/include -I/opt/homebrew/opt/libpq/include -I/opt/homebrew/opt/qt@5/include -fPIC -falign-functions=64 -Wall -g -O2 -c brweight.cpp -o brweight.o
In file included from brweight.cpp:41:
In file included from ./brweight.h:42:
In file included from ./errorcode.h:42:
In file included from /opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin/../include/c++/v1/iostream:43:
In file included from /opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin/../include/c++/v1/ios:223:
In file included from /opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin/../include/c++/v1/__locale:15:
In file included from /opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin/../include/c++/v1/__memory/shared_ptr.h:24:
In file included from /opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin/../include/c++/v1/__memory/allocation_guard.h:15:
In file included from /opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin/../include/c++/v1/__memory/allocator_traits.h:14:
In file included from /opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin/../include/c++/v1/__memory/construct_at.h:23:
In file included from /opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin/../include/c++/v1/new:364:
In file included from /opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin/../include/c++/v1/cstdlib:87:
/opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin/../include/c++/v1/stdlib.h:145:30: error: unknown type name 'ldiv_t'
145 | inline _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI ldiv_t div(long __x, long __y) _NOEXCEPT { return ::ldiv(__x, __y); }
| ^
/opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin/../include/c++/v1/stdlib.h:145:82: error: no member named 'ldiv' in the global namespace
145 | inline _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI ldiv_t div(long __x, long __y) _NOEXCEPT { return ::ldiv(__x, __y); }
| ~~^
/opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin/../include/c++/v1/stdlib.h:147:30: error: unknown type name 'lldiv_t'
147 | inline _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI lldiv_t div(long long __x, long long __y) _NOEXCEPT { return ::lldiv(__x, __y); }
| ^
/opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin/../include/c++/v1/stdlib.h:147:93: error: no member named 'lldiv' in the global namespace
147 | inline _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI lldiv_t div(long long __x, long long __y) _NOEXCEPT { return ::lldiv(__x, __y); }
| ~~^
In file included from brweight.cpp:41:
In file included from ./brweight.h:42:
In file included from ./errorcode.h:42:
In file included from /opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin/../include/c++/v1/iostream:43:
In file included from /opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin/../include/c++/v1/ios:223:
In file included from /opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin/../include/c++/v1/__locale:15:
In file included from /opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin/../include/c++/v1/__memory/shared_ptr.h:33:
In file included from /opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin/../include/c++/v1/__memory/unique_ptr.h:17:
/opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin/../include/c++/v1/__functional/hash.h:40:8: error: reference to unresolved using declaration
40 | std::memcpy(&__r, __p, sizeof(__r));
| ^
/opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin/../include/c++/v1/cstring:80:1: note: using declaration annotated with 'using_if_exists' here
80 | using ::memcpy _LIBCPP_USING_IF_EXISTS;
| ^
In file included from brweight.cpp:41:
In file included from ./brweight.h:42:
In file included from ./errorcode.h:42:
In file included from /opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin/../include/c++/v1/iostream:43:
In file included from /opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin/../include/c++/v1/ios:223:
In file included from /opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin/../include/c++/v1/__locale:16:
In file included from /opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin/../include/c++/v1/__mutex/once_flag.h:21:
In file included from /opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin/../include/c++/v1/tuple:272:
In file included from /opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin/../include/c++/v1/compare:145:
In file included from /opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin/../include/c++/v1/__compare/compare_partial_order_fallback.h:13:
In file included from /opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin/../include/c++/v1/__compare/partial_order.h:14:
In file included from /opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin/../include/c++/v1/__compare/weak_order.h:14:
In file included from /opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin/../include/c++/v1/__compare/strong_order.h:20:
In file included from /opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin/../include/c++/v1/cmath:319:
/opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin/../include/c++/v1/math.h:392:31: error: use of undeclared identifier 'FP_NAN'
392 | return __builtin_fpclassify(FP_NAN, FP_INFINITE, FP_NORMAL, FP_SUBNORMAL, FP_ZERO, __x);
| ^
/opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin/../include/c++/v1/math.h:392:39: error: use of undeclared identifier 'FP_INFINITE'
392 | return __builtin_fpclassify(FP_NAN, FP_INFINITE, FP_NORMAL, FP_SUBNORMAL, FP_ZERO, __x);
| ^
/opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin/../include/c++/v1/math.h:392:52: error: use of undeclared identifier 'FP_NORMAL'
392 | return __builtin_fpclassify(FP_NAN, FP_INFINITE, FP_NORMAL, FP_SUBNORMAL, FP_ZERO, __x);
| ^
/opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin/../include/c++/v1/math.h:392:63: error: use of undeclared identifier 'FP_SUBNORMAL'
392 | return __builtin_fpclassify(FP_NAN, FP_INFINITE, FP_NORMAL, FP_SUBNORMAL, FP_ZERO, __x);
| ^
/opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin/../include/c++/v1/math.h:392:77: error: use of undeclared identifier 'FP_ZERO'
392 | return __builtin_fpclassify(FP_NAN, FP_INFINITE, FP_NORMAL, FP_SUBNORMAL, FP_ZERO, __x);
| ^
/opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin/../include/c++/v1/math.h:397:31: error: use of undeclared identifier 'FP_NAN'
397 | return __builtin_fpclassify(FP_NAN, FP_INFINITE, FP_NORMAL, FP_SUBNORMAL, FP_ZERO, __x);
| ^
/opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin/../include/c++/v1/math.h:397:39: error: use of undeclared identifier 'FP_INFINITE'
397 | return __builtin_fpclassify(FP_NAN, FP_INFINITE, FP_NORMAL, FP_SUBNORMAL, FP_ZERO, __x);
| ^
/opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin/../include/c++/v1/math.h:397:52: error: use of undeclared identifier 'FP_NORMAL'
397 | return __builtin_fpclassify(FP_NAN, FP_INFINITE, FP_NORMAL, FP_SUBNORMAL, FP_ZERO, __x);
| ^
/opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin/../include/c++/v1/math.h:397:63: error: use of undeclared identifier 'FP_SUBNORMAL'
397 | return __builtin_fpclassify(FP_NAN, FP_INFINITE, FP_NORMAL, FP_SUBNORMAL, FP_ZERO, __x);
| ^
/opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin/../include/c++/v1/math.h:397:77: error: use of undeclared identifier 'FP_ZERO'
397 | return __builtin_fpclassify(FP_NAN, FP_INFINITE, FP_NORMAL, FP_SUBNORMAL, FP_ZERO, __x);
| ^
/opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin/../include/c++/v1/math.h:402:31: error: use of undeclared identifier 'FP_NAN'
402 | return __builtin_fpclassify(FP_NAN, FP_INFINITE, FP_NORMAL, FP_SUBNORMAL, FP_ZERO, __x);
| ^
/opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin/../include/c++/v1/math.h:402:39: error: use of undeclared identifier 'FP_INFINITE'
402 | return __builtin_fpclassify(FP_NAN, FP_INFINITE, FP_NORMAL, FP_SUBNORMAL, FP_ZERO, __x);
| ^
/opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin/../include/c++/v1/math.h:402:52: error: use of undeclared identifier 'FP_NORMAL'
402 | return __builtin_fpclassify(FP_NAN, FP_INFINITE, FP_NORMAL, FP_SUBNORMAL, FP_ZERO, __x);
| ^
/opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin/../include/c++/v1/math.h:402:63: error: use of undeclared identifier 'FP_SUBNORMAL'
402 | return __builtin_fpclassify(FP_NAN, FP_INFINITE, FP_NORMAL, FP_SUBNORMAL, FP_ZERO, __x);
| ^
fatal error: too many errors emitted, stopping now [-ferror-limit=]
20 errors generated.
make: *** [brweight.o] Error 1
ERROR: compilation failed for package ‘kernlab’
* removing ‘/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/4.1-arm64/Resources/library/kernlab’
Warning in install.packages :
installation of package ‘kernlab’ had non-zero exit status`
到目前为止，我还没有找到任何有关如何解决此问题的信息。
到目前为止，我已经使用 Homebrew 卸载并重新安装了 gcc。我还尝试在不使用 Homebrew 的情况下安装 gcc，但对我来说并不是很成功，因为它导致了更多错误，并且终端中的文件更加混乱。当我重新安装 gcc 并第二次访问 Rodrigo 的论坛时，我又遇到了同样的错误（如上所述）。
这是我第一次在在线论坛上提问，所以如果我有什么遗漏的地方，请随时告诉我。如果您需要更多信息也很好。我真的很想解决这个问题！
也许遵循这个可能会有所帮助：https://yiqingxu.org/public/BigSurError.pdf
如果您已经完成了这些步骤，很抱歉指出。我发现有时在 Mac 上涉及 gcc 的错误可以通过安装支持 OpenMP 的 XCode 来解决。我不知道情况是否如此，但也许值得尝试：
curl -O https://mac.r-project.org/openmp/openmp-12.0.1-darwin20-Release.tar.gz && sudo tar fvxz openmp-12.0.1-darwin20-Release.tar.gz -C / && mkdir -p ~/.R && echo -e "CPPFLAGS += -Xclang -fopenmp\nLDFLAGS += -lomp" >> ~/.R/Makevars
我也很难尝试在 MacOS 上编译需要 gcc 的 R 包，所以如果这些方法不能解决问题并且你弄清楚了，请告诉我