我刚刚在OSX上面临一个奇怪的问题,试图在我的PyCharm IDE中使用cv2。首先,我使用brew在本地安装了一个新的Python3副本(确切地说是3.7),并在PyCharm中选择了这个实例作为我的项目解释器。
通过终端验证正确的路径:
$ which python3
/usr/local/bin/python3
由于pip3 install opencv-python
无法安装模块,我选择了自编译的method from Adrian Rosebrock,我在命令之后成功编译
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE \
-D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local \
-D OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH=~/opencv_contrib/modules \
-D PYTHON3_LIBRARY=/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.7.0/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/config-3.7m-darwin/libpython3.7.dylib \
-D PYTHON3_INCLUDE_DIR=/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.7.0/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/include/python3.7m-darwin/ \
-D PYTHON3_EXECUTABLE=$VIRTUAL_ENV/bin/python \
-D BUILD_opencv_python2=OFF \
-D BUILD_opencv_python3=ON \
-D INSTALL_PYTHON_EXAMPLES=ON \
-D INSTALL_C_EXAMPLES=OFF \
-D BUILD_EXAMPLES=ON ..
然后我继续将cv2.cpython-35m-darwin.so文件重命名为cv2.so重新启动后,我直接在我的终端中检查了cv2模块版本,看起来很有希望。
$ python3
Python 3.7.0a2 (v3.7.0a2:f7ac4fe52a, Oct 16 2017, 21:11:18)
[GCC 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5666) (dot 3)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import cv2
>>> cv2.__version__
'4.0.0-pre'
问题:在PyCharm中,即使使用选定的python3解释器,IDE也无法识别cv2模块。
PyCharm截图:
PyCharm错误消息:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/felix/PycharmProjects/MMW/Seminar5-2(@Python3)/test.py", line 1, in <module>
import cv2
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'cv2'
Process finished with exit code 1
有谁知道,我错过了什么?
评论更新:
PyCharm控制台的sys.path输出:
['/Applications/PyCharm Edu.app/Contents/helpers/pydev', '/Applications/PyCharm Edu.app/Contents/helpers/pydev', '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python37.zip', '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7', '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/lib-dynload', '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages', '/Users/felix/PycharmProjects/MMW']
与OSX终端相比:
$ python3 Python 3.7.0a2 (v3.7.0a2:f7ac4fe52a, Oct 16 2017, 21:11:18) [GCC 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5666) (dot 3)] on darwin Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import sys
>>> sys.path
['', '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python37.zip', '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7', '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/lib-dynload', '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages']
最后,我刚刚设法让cv2工作了!
问题是,我不想在我的Python3上使用虚拟环境。
Soulution:
sys.path
列出(由于奇怪的情况),我不得不手动将其附加到路径列表中。我有两种选择:a)本地
import sys
sys.path.insert(0, "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/")
就在我尝试在PyCharm中导入cv2之前
b)全球
nano ~/.bash_profile
添加以下行:
export PYTHONPATH="${PYTHONPATH}:/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/"
并重新加载.bash_profile:
. ~/.bash_profile
感谢@flyingteller和@eypros的帮助。
注意:在编译/启动程序之前,PyCharm不知道cv2是否存在。因此语法高亮不会识别cv2。不要介意这一行。它适用于我。