我正在尝试将字符串(或任何类型)存储在类型T的数组中,但出现两个错误:
类型“ std :: string&”的引用(非const限定)不能为初始化为类型“ const char [3]”
的值'bool container :: insertBack(T&)':无法转换参数1从'const char [3]'到'T&'
我尝试将类型更改为int而不是字符串:我收到了类似的错误消息。
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
template<typename T>
class container
{
public:
container();
// Postcondition: data member n is initialized to -1 and all elements in the empty arr array are initialized to zero
bool isFull();
// Postcondition: returns true if the container object (i.e., the arr array) is full; returns false otherwise
bool insertBack(T& val);
// Precondition: the container object is not full
// Postcondition: if arr array is not full, n is incremented by 1; returns true with val is inserted at the end of the arr array
// Otherwise, returns false; the value is not inserted and program execution continues.
private:
static const int CAPACITY = 10; // physical size of the arr array or the storage capacity of a container object
T arr[CAPACITY]; // arr array can store up to CAPACITY (10 in our case) of any type
int n; // n is used as the subscript for the arr array. n is initialized to -1 for an empty array
// Each time a new value is inserted into the arr array, n must first be incremented
// by 1. Since n has been initialized to -1, the first inserted value is stored in arr[0],
// and the 2nd inserted value will be in arr[1], etc. and the nth inserted value will be
// stored in arr[n – 1]. Obviously, n + 1 represents the actual number of elements
// stored in the array after n rounds of insertion.
};
template<typename T>
container<T>::container()
{
n = -1;
T arr[CAPACITY] = { 0 };
}
template<typename T>
bool container<T>::isFull()
{
return n == CAPACITY - 1;
}
template<typename T>
bool container<T>::insertBack(T& val)
{
if (!isFull())
{
n++;
arr[n - 1] = val;
return 1;
}
else
{
return 0;
}
}
int main()
{
container<std::string> s1;
s1.insertBack("aa");
}
g++
对于相同的错误给出的输出略有不同:
cannot bind non-const lvalue reference of type 'std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>&' to an rvalue of type 'std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>'
clang++
:
non-const lvalue reference to type 'std::__cxx11::basic_string<char>' cannot bind to a value of unrelated type 'const char [3]'
解决方案是将参数作为const&
。
接下来您会发现T arr[CAPACITY] = { 0 };
给出一个运行时异常,例如:basic_string::_M_construct null not valid
。
您不是像这样初始化arr
的过程不是零。实际上,您正在创建一个新的arr
并尝试使用nullptr
构造它,这将无法正常工作。
已修复::
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
template<typename T, size_t Capacity = 10>
class container {
public:
container() : arr{}, n(0) {} // using member initializer list
bool isFull() const { return n == Capacity; } // correct test
bool insertBack(const T& val) { // const
if (isFull()) return false;
// return true or false, not 1 or 0
arr[n++] = val;
return true;
}
private:
T arr[Capacity];
size_t n;
};
int main() {
container<std::string> s1;
s1.insertBack("aa");
}