未捕获的 std::Exception 导致核心中的堆栈跟踪不正确

问题描述 投票:0回答:1

这是我的代码:

#include <string>
#include <tr1/functional>

using namespace std;
using namespace std::tr1;
using namespace std::tr1::placeholders;

class Event
{
public:
  typedef std::tr1::function<void()> Handler;

  void set(Handler h)
  {
    m_handler = h;
  }

  template<typename T, typename F>
  void set(T * obj, F memfn)
  {
    set(std::tr1::bind(memfn, obj));
  }

  void operator()()
  {
    m_handler();
  }

  static void fire(Event * event) throw ()
  {
    (*event)();
  }

  Handler m_handler;
};

class BuggyHandler
{
public:

  BuggyHandler()
  {
  }

  BuggyHandler(Event * b) :
      bar(b)
  {
    bar->set(this, &BuggyHandler::HandleEvent);
  }

  void HandleEvent()
  {
    // throw std::length_error
    std::string().append(std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max(), '0');
  }

private:

  Event * bar;
};

void get_correct_stacktrace()
{
  Event bar;
  BuggyHandler handler(&bar);
  bar();
}

void get_incorrect_stacktrace()
{
  Event bar;
  BuggyHandler handler(&bar);
  Event::fire(&bar);
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
  int opt = atoi(argv[1]);
  if (opt)
    get_correct_stacktrace();
  else
    get_incorrect_stacktrace();
}

当我调用 ./test 1 时,我可以从核心获取正确的堆栈跟踪:

#0  0xffffe410 in __kernel_vsyscall ()
#1  0xf7d028d0 in raise () from /lib/libc.so.6
#2  0xf7d03ff3 in abort () from /lib/libc.so.6
#3  0xf7ede880 in __gnu_cxx::__verbose_terminate_handler () from /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6
#4  0xf7edc2a5 in std::exception::what () from /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6
#5  0xf7edc2e2 in std::terminate () from /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6
#6  0xf7edc41a in __cxa_throw () from /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6
#7  0xf7e73c6f in std::__throw_length_error () from /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6
#8  0xf7eb9a17 in std::string::append () from /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6
#9  0x08049b96 in BuggyHandler::HandleEvent (this=0xffc26c9c) at /home/liangxu/release/server_2.0/test/src/test.cc:54
#10 0x08049857 in get_correct_stacktrace () at /home/liangxu/release/server_2.0/test/src/test.cc:67
#11 0x080498e0 in main (argc=Cannot access memory at address 0x5ac6) at /home/liangxu/release/server_2.0/test/src/test.cc:81

抛出异常的位置是test.cc:54

当我调用 ./test 0 时,我可以从核心获得不正确的堆栈跟踪:

#0  0xffffe410 in __kernel_vsyscall ()
#1  0xf7d508d0 in raise () from /lib/libc.so.6
#2  0xf7d51ff3 in abort () from /lib/libc.so.6
#3  0xf7f2c880 in __gnu_cxx::__verbose_terminate_handler () from /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6
#4  0xf7f2a2a5 in std::exception::what () from /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6
#5  0xf7f2a2e2 in std::terminate () from /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6
#6  0xf7f2a305 in std::exception::what () from /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6
#7  0xf7f29d98 in __cxa_call_unexpected () from /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6
#8  0x080497eb in get_incorrect_stacktrace () at /home/liangxu/release/server_2.0/test/src/test.cc:30
#9  0x080498f5 in main (argc=Cannot access memory at address 0x5adf) at /home/liangxu/release/server_2.0/test/src/test.cc:83

没有抛出异常的位置。

我的编译器是“gcc (GCC) 4.1.2 20070115 (prerelease) (SUSE Linux)”

如果使用“-fno-exceptions”进行编译,两种方法都会生成正确的堆栈跟踪。

原因是什么?

c++ exception stl stack-trace coredump
1个回答
4
投票

两个堆栈跟踪都是正确的。

当您调用

Event::fire
时,异常会在
HandleEvent
中抛出,并且堆栈展开会发生,直到遇到具有
that
异常规范的 fire

如果您不知道异常规范的真实行为,您可以在这里阅读:http://www.gotw.ca/publications/mill22.htm

基本上,规范

throw ()
确实保证了如果包含的调用之一抛出,该方法不会因惨败而抛出。当堆栈展开尝试退出此方法时,它会检查异常规范,发现它不匹配,并从当前展开位置调用
std::unexpected
,因此堆栈跟踪中的
__cxa_call_unexpected ()
就位于
get_incorrect_stacktrace () 之后
.

在大多数情况下,在 C++ 中使用异常规范是没有用的,因为提供保证的代价是程序会抛出一些不应该抛出的错误。

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