类继承和实例化–内部对__init __（）和__new __（）方法的调用之间的混淆

问题描述 投票：0回答：1

[这是对问题I previously posted的后续问题，该问题已通过我收到的答案得到部分解决。

  • 该情况是，我有1个在运行时定义的类，该类继承自基于以下类型定义的类：MasterData或Transaction，而该类又继承自BusinessDocument。
  • BusinessDocument类需要从可通过外部模块访问的类Thing继承。

以下代码已实现以创建链中的所有类：

from owlready2 import *

with onto:
    class BusinessDocument(Thing):
        @staticmethod
        def get_class(doc_type):
            switch = {
                'MasterData': MasterData,
                'Transactional': Transactional
            }
            cls = switch.get(doc_type, lambda: "Invalid Noun Type")
            return cls

        def __init__(self, doc_id, location, doc_type, color, size):
            self.doc_id = doc_id
            self.location = location
            self.doc_type = doc_type
            self.color = color
            self.size = size

        @property
        def get_location(self):
            return self.location

        @property
        def get_doc_id(self):
            return self.doc_id

with onto:
    class MasterData(BusinessDocument):
        def __init__(self, doc_id, location, color, size):
            BusinessDocument.__init__(self, doc_id, location, color, size, 'MasterData')

with onto:    
    class Transactional(BusinessDocument):
        def __init__(self, doc_id, location, color, size):
            BusinessDocument.__init__(self, doc_id, location, color, size, 'Transactional')


with onto:
    class NounClass():
        @staticmethod
        def get_class(doc_name, doc_type):
            return type(doc_name, (BusinessDocument.get_class(doc_type), 
                               BusinessDocument, ),dict.fromkeys(['doc_id', 'location', 'color', 'size',]))

在运行时，我获得doc_name并获得一个新的类，但是当我尝试实例化时。

invoice_cls = NounClass.get_class('Invoice', 'Transactional')
my_invoice = invoice_cls('IN-1234', 'New York', 'blue', 'big')

对invoice_cls的type（）和mro（）方法的调用为我提供了以下信息：

DEBUG:app.__main__:Type of from_noun is [(bod_ontology.Invoice, bod_ontology.MasterData, bod_ontology.BusinessDocument, owl.Thing, <class 'object'>)]
DEBUG:app.__main__:Class type is [<class 'owlready2.entity.ThingClass'>]

但是随后我抛出了与__new__()方法有关的异常：

DEBUG:app.__main__:Type of from_noun is [(bod_ontology.BillFromPartyMaster, bod_ontology.MasterData, bod_ontology.BusinessObjectDocument, owl.Thing, <class 'object'>)]
DEBUG:app.__main__:Class type is [<class 'owlready2.entity.ThingClass'>]
  File "/Users/cracoras/PycharmProjects/bod2owl/app/convert_data.py", line 167, in parse_xml
    my_invoice = invoice_cls('IN-1234', 'New York', 'blue', 'big')
--- Logging error ---
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/cracoras/PycharmProjects/bod2owl/app/convert_data.py", line 167, in parse_xml
    my_invoice = invoice_cls('IN-1234', 'New York', 'blue', 'big')
TypeError: __new__() takes from 1 to 3 positional arguments but 5 were given

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/cracoras/.pyenv/versions/3.8.1/lib/python3.8/logging/__init__.py", line 1081, in emit
    msg = self.format(record)
  File "/Users/cracoras/.pyenv/versions/3.8.1/lib/python3.8/logging/__init__.py", line 925, in format
    return fmt.format(record)
  File "/Users/cracoras/.pyenv/versions/3.8.1/lib/python3.8/logging/__init__.py", line 664, in format
    record.message = record.getMessage()
  File "/Users/cracoras/.pyenv/versions/3.8.1/lib/python3.8/logging/__init__.py", line 369, in getMessage
    msg = msg % self.args
TypeError: must be real number, not TypeError
Call stack:
  File "/Applications/PyCharm.app/Contents/helpers/pydev/pydevd.py", line 1758, in <module>
    main()
  File "/Applications/PyCharm.app/Contents/helpers/pydev/pydevd.py", line 1752, in main
    globals = debugger.run(setup['file'], None, None, is_module)
  File "/Applications/PyCharm.app/Contents/helpers/pydev/pydevd.py", line 1147, in run
    pydev_imports.execfile(file, globals, locals)  # execute the script
  File "/Applications/PyCharm.app/Contents/helpers/pydev/_pydev_imps/_pydev_execfile.py", line 18, in execfile
    exec(compile(contents+"\n", file, 'exec'), glob, loc)
  File "/Users/cracoras/PycharmProjects/bod2owl/app/convert_data.py", line 520, in <module>
    exit(main())
  File "/Users/cracoras/PycharmProjects/bod2owl/app/convert_data.py", line 515, in main
    query_database()
  File "/Users/cracoras/PycharmProjects/bod2owl/app/convert_data.py", line 103, in query_database
    csv_record = parse_xml(bod_type, date_time, from_lid, tenant, xml_string)
  File "/Users/cracoras/PycharmProjects/bod2owl/app/convert_data.py", line 174, in parse_xml
    log.debug("Got an error [%e]", e)
Arguments: (TypeError('__new__() takes from 1 to 3 positional arguments but 5 were given'),)

然后，如果我尝试在不带参数的情况下进行实例化调用，则会得到与__init__()方法相关的另一个异常，这是完整的：

DEBUG:app.__main__:Type of from_noun is [(bod_ontology.BillFromPartyMaster, bod_ontology.MasterData, bod_ontology.BusinessObjectDocument, owl.Thing, <class 'object'>)]
DEBUG:app.__main__:Class type is [<class 'owlready2.entity.ThingClass'>]
  File "/Users/cracoras/PycharmProjects/bod2owl/app/convert_data.py", line 167, in parse_xml
    my_invoice = invoice_cls()
--- Logging error ---
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/cracoras/PycharmProjects/bod2owl/app/convert_data.py", line 167, in parse_xml
    my_obj = MyCls()
TypeError: __init__() missing 4 required positional arguments: 'doc_id', 'location', 'color', and 'size'

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/cracoras/.pyenv/versions/3.8.1/lib/python3.8/logging/__init__.py", line 1081, in emit
    msg = self.format(record)
  File "/Users/cracoras/.pyenv/versions/3.8.1/lib/python3.8/logging/__init__.py", line 925, in format
    return fmt.format(record)
  File "/Users/cracoras/.pyenv/versions/3.8.1/lib/python3.8/logging/__init__.py", line 664, in format
    record.message = record.getMessage()
  File "/Users/cracoras/.pyenv/versions/3.8.1/lib/python3.8/logging/__init__.py", line 369, in getMessage
    msg = msg % self.args
TypeError: must be real number, not TypeError
Call stack:
  File "/Applications/PyCharm.app/Contents/helpers/pydev/pydevd.py", line 1758, in <module>
    main()
  File "/Applications/PyCharm.app/Contents/helpers/pydev/pydevd.py", line 1752, in main
    globals = debugger.run(setup['file'], None, None, is_module)
  File "/Applications/PyCharm.app/Contents/helpers/pydev/pydevd.py", line 1147, in run
    pydev_imports.execfile(file, globals, locals)  # execute the script
  File "/Applications/PyCharm.app/Contents/helpers/pydev/_pydev_imps/_pydev_execfile.py", line 18, in execfile
    exec(compile(contents+"\n", file, 'exec'), glob, loc)
  File "/Users/cracoras/PycharmProjects/bod2owl/app/convert_data.py", line 520, in <module>
    exit(main())
  File "/Users/cracoras/PycharmProjects/bod2owl/app/convert_data.py", line 515, in main
    query_database()
  File "/Users/cracoras/PycharmProjects/bod2owl/app/convert_data.py", line 103, in query_database
    csv_record = parse_xml(bod_type, date_time, from_lid, tenant, xml_string)
  File "/Users/cracoras/PycharmProjects/bod2owl/app/convert_data.py", line 174, in parse_xml
    log.debug("Got an error [%e]", e)
Arguments: (TypeError("__init__() missing 4 required positional arguments: 'doc_id', 'location', 'color', and 'size'"),)

仅当我从'Thing'类继承时，才会发生这种情况。如果删除继承，代码将运行良好。看来我搞砸了类层次结构中的实例化序列。

python python-3.x owl python-object owlready
1个回答
0
投票

这个问题似乎是由Thing类引起的，正如我所怀疑并由@quamrana确认。

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