如何查找和替换字符串中所有出现的子字符串?

问题描述 投票:9回答:6

我需要搜索一个字符串并编辑它的格式。

到目前为止,我可以替换第一次出现的字符串,但是我无法在下一次出现此字符串时这样做。

这就是我的工作,有点像:

if(chartDataString.find("*A") == string::npos){ return;}
else{chartDataString.replace(chartDataString.find("*A"), 3,"[A]\n");}

如果找不到字符串,则根本不打印任何内容,因此不好。

我知道我需要遍历整个字符串chartDataString并替换所有出现的事件。我知道有很多类似的帖子,但我不明白(像这个Replace substring with another substring C++

我也尝试过这样的事情来循环遍历字符串:

string toSearch = chartDataString;
string toFind = "*A:";
for (int i = 0; i<toSearch.length() - toFind.length(); i++){
   if(toSearch.substr(i, toFind.length()) == toFind){
       chartDataString.replace(chartDataString.find(toFind), 3, "[A]\n");   
   }
}

编辑考虑到建议,这在理论上应该有效,但我不知道为什么不这样做

size_t startPos=0;
string myString = "*A";
while(string::npos != (startPos = chartDataString.find(myString, startPos))){
    chartDataString.replace(chartDataString.find(myString, startPos), 3, "*A\n");
    startPos = startPos + myString.length();
}   
c++ string algorithm str-replace
6个回答
21
投票

尝试以下方法

const std::string s = "*A";
const std::string t = "*A\n";

std::string::size_type n = 0;
while ( ( n = chartDataString.find( s, n ) ) != std::string::npos )
{
    chartDataString.replace( n, s.size(), t );
    n += t.size();
}

6
投票

如果boost可用,您可以使用以下内容:

std::string origStr = "this string has *A and then another *A";
std::string subStringToRemove = "*A";
std::string subStringToReplace = "[A]";

boost::replace_all(origStr , subStringToRemove , subStringToReplace);

要对原始字符串执行修改,请执行

std::string result = boost::replace_all_copy(origStr , subStringToRemove , subStringToReplace);

在不修改原始字符串的情况下执行修改。


2
投票

find函数采用可选的第二个参数:开始搜索的位置。默认情况下,这是零。

开始搜索下一场比赛的好位置是插入先前替换的位置,以及替换的长度。例如,如果我们在位置7处插入长度为3的字符串,那么下一个find应该从位置10开始。

如果搜索字符串碰巧是替换的子字符串,则此方法将避免无限循环。想象一下,如果你试图用log替换所有出现的analog,但不要跳过替换。


2
投票

这样做是相当尴尬(也可能不是太有效)。我通常使用一个函数:

std::string
replaceAll( std::string const& original, std::string const& from, std::string const& to )
{
    std::string results;
    std::string::const_iterator end = original.end();
    std::string::const_iterator current = original.begin();
    std::string::const_iterator next = std::search( current, end, from.begin(), from.end() );
    while ( next != end ) {
        results.append( current, next );
        results.append( to );
        current = next + from.size();
        next = std::search( current, end, from.begin(), from.end() );
    }
    results.append( current, next );
    return results;
}

基本上,只要你能找到from的实例,附加中间文本和to,然后前进到from的下一个实例,你就会循环。最后,在from的最后一个实例之后附加任何文本。

(如果您要在C ++中进行大量编程,那么习惯使用迭代器(如上所述)而不是std::string的特殊成员函数可能是一个好主意。上面的内容可以用于任何C ++容器类型,因此更加惯用。)


0
投票
/// Returns a version of 'str' where every occurrence of
/// 'find' is substituted by 'replace'.
/// - Inspired by James Kanze.
/// - http://stackoverflow.com/questions/20406744/
std::string replace_all(
    const std::string & str ,   // where to work
    const std::string & find ,  // substitute 'find'
    const std::string & replace //      by 'replace'
) {
    using namespace std;
    string result;
    size_t find_len = find.size();
    size_t pos,from=0;
    while ( string::npos != ( pos=str.find(find,from) ) ) {
        result.append( str, from, pos-from );
        result.append( replace );
        from = pos + find_len;
    }
    result.append( str, from , string::npos );
    return result;
/*
    This code might be an improvement to James Kanze's
    because it uses std::string methods instead of
    general algorithms [as 'std::search()'].
*/
}

int main() {
    {
        std::string test    = "*A ... *A ... *A ...";
        std::string changed = "*A\n ... *A\n ... *A\n ...";

        assert( changed == replace_all( test, "*A", "*A\n" ) );
    }
    {
        std::string GB = "My gorila ate the banana";

        std::string gg = replace_all( GB, "gorila", "banana" );
        assert( gg ==  "My banana ate the banana" );
        gg = replace_all( gg, "banana", "gorila"  );
        assert( gg ==  "My gorila ate the gorila" );

        std::string bb = replace_all( GB, "banana", "gorila" );
        assert( gg ==  "My gorila ate the gorila" );
        bb = replace_all( bb, "gorila" , "banana" );
        assert( bb ==  "My banana ate the banana" );
    }
    {
        std::string str, res;

        str.assign( "ababaabcd" );
        res = replace_all( str, "ab", "fg");
        assert( res == "fgfgafgcd" );

        str="aaaaaaaa"; assert( 8==str.size() );
        res = replace_all( str, "aa", "a" );
        assert( res == "aaaa" );
        assert( "" == replace_all( str, "aa", "" ) );

        str = "aaaaaaa"; assert( 7==str.size() );
        res = replace_all( str, "aa", "a" );
        assert( res == "aaaa" );

        str = "..aaaaaa.."; assert( 10==str.size() );
        res = replace_all( str, "aa", "a" );
        assert( res == "..aaa.." );

        str = "baaaac"; assert( 6==str.size() );
        res = replace_all( str, "aa", "" );
        assert( res == "bc" );
    }
}

0
投票

如果您需要反转的字符串大小不同:

void            Replace::replace(std::string & str, std::string const & s1, std::string const & s2)
{
    size_t      pos;

    pos = 0;
    while ((pos = str.find(s1, pos)) != std::string::npos)
    {
        str.erase(pos, s1.length());
        str.insert(pos, s2);
        pos += s2.length();
    }
    return ;
}
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