重新划分字符串提取以分隔字符串

Question

不幸的是我没有创建函数的权限，所以我编写了以下查询来提取管道分隔page_name的第一，第二，第三和第四部分：

select page_name,
LEFT(page_name, first-1) AS P1,
case when second>0 then SUBSTRING(page_name,first+1,second-first-1) 
     else substring(page_name, first+1,1000) end As P2,
case when third>0 then SUBSTRING(page_name,second+1,third-second-1) 
     when second>0 then substring(page_name, second+1,1000) else '' end AS P3,
case when fourth>0 then SUBSTRING(page_name,third+1,fourth-third-1) 
     when third>0 then substring(page_name, third+1,1000) else '' end AS P4

from (
select distinct page_name,
CHARINDEX('|', page_name) first,
CHARINDEX('|', page_name, CHARINDEX('|', page_name)+1) second,
case when CHARINDEX('|', page_name, CHARINDEX('|', page_name)+1)=0 then 0 
     else CHARINDEX('|', page_name, CHARINDEX('|', page_name, charindex('|', page_name)+1)+1) end third,
case when CHARINDEX('|', page_name, CHARINDEX('|', page_name, charindex('|', page_name)+1)+1)=0 then 0 
     else CHARINDEX('|', page_name, CHARINDEX('|', page_name, CHARINDEX('|', page_name, charindex('|', page_name)+1)+1)+1) end fourth
from adobe_analytics
where page_name like '[a-z]%' and page_name like '%|%' 
) a

问题是有时会有近10个部分，所以我想知道是否有更好的方法来编写子查询，这不会强迫我在创建page_name部分时重申相同类型的查询公式？

示例数据：

it-bae|
it-bae|content|advisor in newsletter
it-bae|content|area products|showcase products fideuram|fideuram fonditalia dynamic 
it-bae|content|events|events|events|webinars|new

Answer 1

如果你事先知道你可以拥有的最大分隔字符串数，你可以使用以下几行（它使用递归CTE来构建一个单独字符串的表，然后将它们转动，为每个page_name生成一行领域）：

-- Table variable is just for example purposes.
DECLARE @tbl table (page_name varchar(255))
;

INSERT INTO @tbl
VALUES
('it-bae|')
, ('it-bae|content|advisor in newsletter')
, ('it-bae|content|area products|showcase products fideuram|fideuram fonditalia dynamic')
, ('it-bae|content|events|events|events|webinars|new')
;

WITH cteParts
AS
(
    SELECT
        page_name
        , 1 single_page_no
        , CASE WHEN CHARINDEX('|', page_name) = 0 THEN page_name ELSE LEFT(page_name, CHARINDEX('|', page_name) - 1) END single_page_name
        , CASE WHEN CHARINDEX('|', page_name) > 0 THEN RIGHT(page_name, LEN(page_name) - CHARINDEX('|', page_name)) END remainder
        , ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY page_name) row_id
    FROM @tbl

    UNION ALL

    SELECT
        page_name
        , single_page_no + 1
        , CASE WHEN CHARINDEX('|', remainder) > 0 THEN LEFT(remainder, CHARINDEX('|', remainder) - 1) ELSE remainder END
        , CASE WHEN CHARINDEX('|', remainder) > 0 THEN RIGHT(remainder, LEN(remainder) - CHARINDEX('|', remainder)) END
        , row_id
    FROM cteParts
    WHERE LEN(remainder) > 0
)

SELECT
    row_id
    , page_name
    , [1]
    , [2]
    , [3]
    , [4]
    , [5]
    , [6]
    , [7]
    , [8]
    , [9]
    , [10]
FROM
    (
        SELECT
            row_id
            , page_name
            , single_page_no
            , single_page_name
        FROM cteParts
    ) Q
    PIVOT
    (
        MAX(single_page_name)
        FOR single_page_no IN ([1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10])
    ) P

否则，您需要使用动态SQL来实现这样的功能。

以下是动态SQL解决方案的示例：

-- Temporary table is just for example purposes.
CREATE TABLE #tbl (page_name varchar(255))
;

INSERT INTO #tbl
VALUES
('it-bae|')
, ('it-bae|content|advisor in newsletter')
, ('it-bae|content|area products|showcase products fideuram|fideuram fonditalia dynamic')
, ('it-bae|content|events|events|events|webinars|new')
;

DECLARE @maxStrings int =
(
    SELECT MAX(LEN(page_name) - LEN(REPLACE(page_name, '|', ''))) + 1
    FROM #tbl
)
;

DECLARE @headers varchar(1000)
;

WITH cteHeaders
AS
(
    SELECT 1 Header
    UNION ALL
    SELECT Header + 1
    FROM cteHeaders
    WHERE Header + 1 <= @maxStrings
)

SELECT DISTINCT @headers = STUFF((SELECT ', [' + CAST(Header AS varchar(3)) + ']' FROM cteHeaders FOR XML PATH('')), 1, 2, '')
FROM cteHeaders
;

DECLARE @sql varchar(8000) =
'
WITH cteParts
AS
(
    SELECT
        page_name
        , 1 single_page_no
        , CASE WHEN CHARINDEX(''|'', page_name) = 0 THEN page_name ELSE LEFT(page_name, CHARINDEX(''|'', page_name) - 1) END single_page_name
        , CASE WHEN CHARINDEX(''|'', page_name) > 0 THEN RIGHT(page_name, LEN(page_name) - CHARINDEX(''|'', page_name)) END remainder
        , ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY page_name) row_id
    FROM #tbl

    UNION ALL

    SELECT
        page_name
        , single_page_no + 1
        , CASE WHEN CHARINDEX(''|'', remainder) > 0 THEN LEFT(remainder, CHARINDEX(''|'', remainder) - 1) ELSE remainder END
        , CASE WHEN CHARINDEX(''|'', remainder) > 0 THEN RIGHT(remainder, LEN(remainder) - CHARINDEX(''|'', remainder)) END
        , row_id
    FROM cteParts
    WHERE LEN(remainder) > 0
)

SELECT
    row_id
    , page_name
    , ' + @headers + '
FROM
    (
        SELECT
            row_id
            , page_name
            , single_page_no
            , single_page_name
        FROM cteParts
    ) Q
    PIVOT
    (
        MAX(single_page_name)
        FOR single_page_no IN (' + @headers + ')
    ) P
'

EXEC (@sql)

DROP TABLE #tbl

Answer 2

我不确定您是否需要列中或行中的值。如果值的数量未知，那么在行中会更有意义。这可以通过xml分割器实现。

SELECT page_name,
    Value
FROM @tbl
CROSS APPLY( SELECT cast(('<X>' + replace( page_name, '|' ,'</X><X>') + '</X>') as xml) AS xmlpage_name) AS x
CROSS APPLY( SELECT N.value('.', 'varchar(255)') as value FROM xmlpage_name.nodes('X') as T(N)) AS Split;

如果需要在列中显示值，则应该有一个已定义的列数来保留值。

SELECT page_name,
    MAX(CASE WHEN ItemNumber = 1 THEN Value ELSE '' END) AS P1,
    MAX(CASE WHEN ItemNumber = 2 THEN Value ELSE '' END) AS P2,
    MAX(CASE WHEN ItemNumber = 3 THEN Value ELSE '' END) AS P3,
    MAX(CASE WHEN ItemNumber = 4 THEN Value ELSE '' END) AS P4,
    MAX(CASE WHEN ItemNumber = 5 THEN Value ELSE '' END) AS P5,
    MAX(CASE WHEN ItemNumber = 6 THEN Value ELSE '' END) AS P6,
    MAX(CASE WHEN ItemNumber = 7 THEN Value ELSE '' END) AS P7,
    MAX(CASE WHEN ItemNumber = 8 THEN Value ELSE '' END) AS P8,
    MAX(CASE WHEN ItemNumber = 9 THEN Value ELSE '' END) AS P9,
    MAX(CASE WHEN ItemNumber = 10 THEN Value ELSE '' END) AS P10
FROM @tbl
CROSS APPLY( SELECT cast(('<X>' + replace( page_name, '|' ,'</X><X>') + '</X>') as xml) AS xmlpage_name) AS x
CROSS APPLY( SELECT N.value('.', 'varchar(255)') as value, ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY (SELECT NULL)) ItemNumber FROM xmlpage_name.nodes('X') as T(N)) AS Split
GROUP BY page_name;