如何清理R中的twitter数据?

问题描述 投票:11回答:4

我使用twitteR包从twitter中提取推文并将其保存到文本文件中。

我在语料库上进行了以下操作

xx<-tm_map(xx,removeNumbers, lazy=TRUE, 'mc.cores=1')
xx<-tm_map(xx,stripWhitespace, lazy=TRUE, 'mc.cores=1')
xx<-tm_map(xx,removePunctuation, lazy=TRUE, 'mc.cores=1')
xx<-tm_map(xx,strip_retweets, lazy=TRUE, 'mc.cores=1')
xx<-tm_map(xx,removeWords,stopwords(english), lazy=TRUE, 'mc.cores=1')

(使用mc.cores = 1和lazy = True,否则Mac上的R运行错误)

tdm<-TermDocumentMatrix(xx)

但是这个术语文档矩阵有很多奇怪的符号,无意义的单词等。如果推文是

 RT @Foxtel: One man stands between us and annihilation: @IanZiering.
 Sharknado‚Äã 3: OH HELL NO! - July 23 on Foxtel @SyfyAU

清理完推文后,我只想留下适当的完整英文单词,即句子/短语无其他一切(用户名,缩短的单词,网址)

例:

One man stands between us and annihilation oh hell no on 

(注意:tm包中的转换命令只能删除停用词,标点符号空格以及转换为小写)

r twitter text-mining data-cleaning
4个回答
12
投票

使用gsub和

斯金格包

我已经找到了部分解决方案,用于删除转推,对屏幕名称,主题标签,空格,数字,标点符号,网址的引用。

  clean_tweet = gsub("&amp", "", unclean_tweet)
  clean_tweet = gsub("(RT|via)((?:\\b\\W*@\\w+)+)", "", clean_tweet)
  clean_tweet = gsub("@\\w+", "", clean_tweet)
  clean_tweet = gsub("[[:punct:]]", "", clean_tweet)
  clean_tweet = gsub("[[:digit:]]", "", clean_tweet)
  clean_tweet = gsub("http\\w+", "", clean_tweet)
  clean_tweet = gsub("[ \t]{2,}", "", clean_tweet)
  clean_tweet = gsub("^\\s+|\\s+$", "", clean_tweet) 

参考:(希克斯,2014)经过以上我做了以下。

 #get rid of unnecessary spaces
clean_tweet <- str_replace_all(clean_tweet," "," ")
# Get rid of URLs
clean_tweet <- str_replace_all(clean_tweet, "http://t.co/[a-z,A-Z,0-9]*{8}","")
# Take out retweet header, there is only one
clean_tweet <- str_replace(clean_tweet,"RT @[a-z,A-Z]*: ","")
# Get rid of hashtags
clean_tweet <- str_replace_all(clean_tweet,"#[a-z,A-Z]*","")
# Get rid of references to other screennames
clean_tweet <- str_replace_all(clean_tweet,"@[a-z,A-Z]*","")   

参考:(斯坦顿2013)

在执行上述任何操作之前,我使用下面的内容将整个字符串折叠成一个长字符。

paste(mytweets, collapse=" ")

与tm_map转换相反,这个清理过程对我很有用。

我现在剩下的就是一套正确的单词和一些不正确的单词。现在,我只需要弄清楚如何删除不合适的英语单词。可能我不得不从单词词典中减去我的单词集。


2
投票

要删除网址,您可以尝试以下操作:

removeURL <- function(x) gsub("http[[:alnum:]]*", "", x)
xx <- tm_map(xx, removeURL)

可能您可以定义类似的函数来进一步转换文本。


1
投票

对我来说,由于某些原因,这段代码不起作用 -

# Get rid of URLs
clean_tweet <- str_replace_all(clean_tweet, "http://t.co/[a-z,A-Z,0-9]*{8}","")

错误是 -

Error in stri_replace_all_regex(string, pattern, fix_replacement(replacement),  : 
 Syntax error in regexp pattern. (U_REGEX_RULE_SYNTAX)

所以,相反,我用过

clean_tweet4 <- str_replace_all(clean_tweet3, "https://t.co/[a-z,A-Z,0-9]*","")
clean_tweet5 <- str_replace_all(clean_tweet4, "http://t.co/[a-z,A-Z,0-9]*","")

摆脱URL


0
投票

代码做了一些基本的清理工作

Converts into lowercase

df <- tm_map(df, tolower)  

Removing Special characters

df <- tm_map(df, removePunctuation)

Removing Special characters

df <- tm_map(df, removeNumbers)

Removing common words

df <- tm_map(df, removeWords, stopwords('english'))

Removing URL

removeURL <- function(x) gsub('http[[:alnum;]]*', '', x)
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