NPM 错误！ 1 NPM 错误！安装包时

Question

当我尝试安装软件包“node-red-node-arduino”时出现此错误。这是完整的日志：

PS C:\Users\User\.node-red> npm i --unsafe-perm node-red-node-arduino
npm ERR! code 1
npm ERR! path C:\Users\User\.node-red\node_modules\@serialport\bindings
npm ERR! command failed
npm ERR! command C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe /d /s /c prebuild-install --tag-prefix @serialport/bindings@ || node-gyp rebuild
npm ERR! gyp info it worked if it ends with ok
npm ERR! gyp info using [email protected]
npm ERR! gyp info using [email protected] | win32 | x64
npm ERR! gyp info find Python using Python version 3.12.0 found at "C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312\python.exe"
npm ERR! gyp ERR! find VS
npm ERR! gyp ERR! find VS msvs_version not set from command line or npm config
npm ERR! gyp ERR! find VS VCINSTALLDIR not set, not running in VS Command Prompt
npm ERR! gyp ERR! find VS could not use PowerShell to find Visual Studio 2017 or newer, try re-running with '--loglevel silly' for more details
npm ERR! gyp ERR! find VS not looking for VS2015 as it is only supported up to Node.js 18
npm ERR! gyp ERR! find VS not looking for VS2013 as it is only supported up to Node.js 8
npm ERR! gyp ERR! find VS
npm ERR! gyp ERR! find VS **************************************************************
npm ERR! gyp ERR! find VS You need to install the latest version of Visual Studio
npm ERR! gyp ERR! find VS including the "Desktop development with C++" workload.
npm ERR! gyp ERR! find VS For more information consult the documentation at:
npm ERR! gyp ERR! find VS https://github.com/nodejs/node-gyp#on-windows
npm ERR! gyp ERR! find VS **************************************************************
npm ERR! gyp ERR! find VS
npm ERR! gyp ERR! configure error
npm ERR! gyp ERR! stack Error: Could not find any Visual Studio installation to use
npm ERR! gyp ERR! stack     at VisualStudioFinder.fail (C:\Users\User\AppData\Roaming\nvm\v20.9.0\node_modules\npm\node_modules\node-gyp\lib\find-visualstudio.js:122:47)
npm ERR! gyp ERR! stack     at C:\Users\User\AppData\Roaming\nvm\v20.9.0\node_modules\npm\node_modules\node-gyp\lib\find-visualstudio.js:75:16
npm ERR! gyp ERR! stack     at VisualStudioFinder.findVisualStudio2013 (C:\Users\User\AppData\Roaming\nvm\v20.9.0\node_modules\npm\node_modules\node-gyp\lib\find-visualstudio.js:380:14)
npm ERR! gyp ERR! stack     at C:\Users\User\AppData\Roaming\nvm\v20.9.0\node_modules\npm\node_modules\node-gyp\lib\find-visualstudio.js:71:14
npm ERR! gyp ERR! stack     at VisualStudioFinder.findVisualStudio2015 (C:\Users\User\AppData\Roaming\nvm\v20.9.0\node_modules\npm\node_modules\node-gyp\lib\find-visualstudio.js:364:14)
npm ERR! gyp ERR! stack     at C:\Users\User\AppData\Roaming\nvm\v20.9.0\node_modules\npm\node_modules\node-gyp\lib\find-visualstudio.js:67:12
npm ERR! gyp ERR! stack     at failPowershell (C:\Users\User\AppData\Roaming\nvm\v20.9.0\node_modules\npm\node_modules\node-gyp\lib\find-visualstudio.js:156:7)
npm ERR! gyp ERR! stack     at VisualStudioFinder.parseData (C:\Users\User\AppData\Roaming\nvm\v20.9.0\node_modules\npm\node_modules\node-gyp\lib\find-visualstudio.js:170:14)
npm ERR! gyp ERR! stack     at C:\Users\User\AppData\Roaming\nvm\v20.9.0\node_modules\npm\node_modules\node-gyp\lib\find-visualstudio.js:143:14
npm ERR! gyp ERR! stack     at ChildProcess.exithandler (node:child_process:414:7)
npm ERR! gyp ERR! System Windows_NT 10.0.19045
npm ERR! gyp ERR! command "C:\\Program Files\\nodejs\\node.exe" "C:\\Users\\User\\AppData\\Roaming\\nvm\\v20.9.0\\node_modules\\npm\\node_modules\\node-gyp\\bin\\node-gyp.js" "rebuild"
npm ERR! gyp ERR! cwd C:\Users\User\.node-red\node_modules\@serialport\bindings
npm ERR! gyp ERR! node -v v20.9.0
npm ERR! gyp ERR! node-gyp -v v9.4.0
npm ERR! gyp ERR! not ok

npm ERR! A complete log of this run can be found in: C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\npm-cache\_logs\2023-11-14T13_20_45_527Z-debug-0.log

我已经通过NVM安装了node和NPM，通过命令“nvm install 20.9.0”，20.9.0就是他们所说的node的最后一个稳定版本。

编辑1： 安装了 VS Code 并重新启动计算机，仍然得到这个结果：

PS C:\Users\User\.node-red> npm i -g --unsafe-perm node-red-node-arduino
npm ERR! code 1
npm ERR! path C:\Users\User\AppData\Roaming\nvm\v20.9.0\node_modules\node-red-node-arduino\node_modules\@serialport\bindings
npm ERR! command failed
npm ERR! command C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe /d /s /c prebuild-install --tag-prefix @serialport/bindings@ || node-gyp rebuild
npm ERR! gyp info it worked if it ends with ok
npm ERR! gyp info using [email protected]
npm ERR! gyp info using [email protected] | win32 | x64
npm ERR! gyp info find Python using Python version 3.12.0 found at "C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312\python.exe"
npm ERR! gyp ERR! find VS
npm ERR! gyp ERR! find VS msvs_version not set from command line or npm config
npm ERR! gyp ERR! find VS VCINSTALLDIR not set, not running in VS Command Prompt
npm ERR! gyp ERR! find VS could not use PowerShell to find Visual Studio 2017 or newer, try re-running with '--loglevel silly' for more details
npm ERR! gyp ERR! find VS not looking for VS2015 as it is only supported up to Node.js 18
npm ERR! gyp ERR! find VS not looking for VS2013 as it is only supported up to Node.js 8
npm ERR! gyp ERR! find VS
npm ERR! gyp ERR! find VS **************************************************************
npm ERR! gyp ERR! find VS You need to install the latest version of Visual Studio
npm ERR! gyp ERR! find VS including the "Desktop development with C++" workload.
npm ERR! gyp ERR! find VS For more information consult the documentation at:
npm ERR! gyp ERR! find VS https://github.com/nodejs/node-gyp#on-windows
npm ERR! gyp ERR! find VS **************************************************************
npm ERR! gyp ERR! find VS
npm ERR! gyp ERR! configure error
npm ERR! gyp ERR! stack Error: Could not find any Visual Studio installation to use
npm ERR! gyp ERR! stack     at VisualStudioFinder.fail (C:\Users\User\AppData\Roaming\nvm\v20.9.0\node_modules\npm\node_modules\node-gyp\lib\find-visualstudio.js:122:47)
npm ERR! gyp ERR! stack     at C:\Users\User\AppData\Roaming\nvm\v20.9.0\node_modules\npm\node_modules\node-gyp\lib\find-visualstudio.js:75:16
npm ERR! gyp ERR! stack     at VisualStudioFinder.findVisualStudio2013 (C:\Users\User\AppData\Roaming\nvm\v20.9.0\node_modules\npm\node_modules\node-gyp\lib\find-visualstudio.js:380:14)
npm ERR! gyp ERR! stack     at C:\Users\User\AppData\Roaming\nvm\v20.9.0\node_modules\npm\node_modules\node-gyp\lib\find-visualstudio.js:71:14
npm ERR! gyp ERR! stack     at VisualStudioFinder.findVisualStudio2015 (C:\Users\User\AppData\Roaming\nvm\v20.9.0\node_modules\npm\node_modules\node-gyp\lib\find-visualstudio.js:364:14)
npm ERR! gyp ERR! stack     at C:\Users\User\AppData\Roaming\nvm\v20.9.0\node_modules\npm\node_modules\node-gyp\lib\find-visualstudio.js:67:12
npm ERR! gyp ERR! stack     at failPowershell (C:\Users\User\AppData\Roaming\nvm\v20.9.0\node_modules\npm\node_modules\node-gyp\lib\find-visualstudio.js:156:7)
npm ERR! gyp ERR! stack     at VisualStudioFinder.parseData (C:\Users\User\AppData\Roaming\nvm\v20.9.0\node_modules\npm\node_modules\node-gyp\lib\find-visualstudio.js:170:14)
npm ERR! gyp ERR! stack     at C:\Users\User\AppData\Roaming\nvm\v20.9.0\node_modules\npm\node_modules\node-gyp\lib\find-visualstudio.js:143:14
npm ERR! gyp ERR! stack     at ChildProcess.exithandler (node:child_process:414:7)
npm ERR! gyp ERR! System Windows_NT 10.0.19045
npm ERR! gyp ERR! command "C:\\Program Files\\nodejs\\node.exe" "C:\\Users\\User\\AppData\\Roaming\\nvm\\v20.9.0\\node_modules\\npm\\node_modules\\node-gyp\\bin\\node-gyp.js" "rebuild"
npm ERR! gyp ERR! cwd C:\Users\User\AppData\Roaming\nvm\v20.9.0\node_modules\node-red-node-arduino\node_modules\@serialport\bindings
npm ERR! gyp ERR! node -v v20.9.0
npm ERR! gyp ERR! node-gyp -v v9.4.0
npm ERR! gyp ERR! not ok

npm ERR! A complete log of this run can be found in: C:\Users\User\AppData\Local\npm-cache\_logs\2023-11-14T16_45_22_153Z-debug-0.log

Answer 1

npm 错误！吉普 错误！找到包含“C++ 桌面开发”工作负载的 VS。 npm 错误！吉普 错误！查找 VS 有关更多信息，请参阅以下文档：

如此处所述，我必须安装 Visual Studio（不是我一开始认为的 VS code），检查安装“使用 C++ 进行桌面开发”的选项

[![Visual Studio 窗口，安装选项已展开，箭头指向“使用 C++ 进行桌面开发”复选框][1]][1] [1]：https://i.stack.imgur.com/z9eP0.png

感谢@esqew，他帮我找到了解决方案。