我编写了代码来绘制matplotlib中抛物面的3D表面。
如何旋转图形以使图形保持在原位(即没有垂直或水平位移),但是它绕着线y = 0和z = 0通过θ的角度旋转(我突出显示了图形所应的线条)以绿色旋转)。以下是帮助可视化我所描述的内容的插图:
例如,如果图形围绕线旋转180度角,那么这将导致图形被“颠倒”翻转,使得原点处的点现在将是最大点。
我还想旋转轴,以便保持色彩映射。这是绘制图形的代码:
#parabaloid
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
#creating grid
y = np.linspace(-1,1,1000)
x = np.linspace(-1,1,1000)
x,y = np.meshgrid(x,y)
#set z values
z = x**2+y**2
#label axes
ax.set_xlabel('x')
ax.set_ylabel('y')
ax.set_zlabel('z')
#plot figure
ax.plot_surface(x,y,z,linewidth=0, antialiased=False, shade = True, alpha = 0.5)
plt.show()
根据我的评论:
import mayavi.mlab as mlab
import numpy as np
x,y = np.mgrid[-1:1:0.001, -1:1:0.001]
z = x**2+y**2
s = mlab.mesh(x, y, z)
alpha = 30 # degrees
mlab.view(azimuth=0, elevation=90, roll=-90+alpha)
mlab.show()
或者关注@Tamas回答:
#parabaloid
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
from math import sin, cos, pi
import matplotlib.cm as cm
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
#creating grid
y = np.linspace(-1,1,200)
x = np.linspace(-1,1,200)
x,y = np.meshgrid(x,y)
#set z values
z0 = x**2+y**2
# rotate the samples by pi / 4 radians around y
a = pi / 4
t = np.transpose(np.array([x,y,z0]), (1,2,0))
m = [[cos(a), 0, sin(a)],[0,1,0],[-sin(a), 0, cos(a)]]
x,y,z = np.transpose(np.dot(t, m), (2,0,1))
# or `np.dot(t, m)` instead `t @ m`
#label axes
ax.set_xlabel('x')
ax.set_ylabel('y')
ax.set_zlabel('z')
#plot figure
ax.plot_surface(x,y,z,linewidth=0, antialiased=False, shade = True, alpha = 0.5, facecolors=cm.viridis(z0))
plt.show()
像这样的东西?
ax.view_init(-140, 30)
在plt.show()
命令之前插入它。
我能想到的最好的就是旋转数据本身。
#parabaloid
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
from math import sin, cos, pi
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
#creating grid
y = np.linspace(-1,1,200)
x = np.linspace(-1,1,200)
x,y = np.meshgrid(x,y)
#set z values
z = x**2+y**2
# rotate the samples by pi / 4 radians around y
a = pi / 4
t = np.transpose(np.array([x,y,z]), (1,2,0))
m = [[cos(a), 0, sin(a)],[0,1,0],[-sin(a), 0, cos(a)]]
x,y,z = np.transpose(t @ m, (2,0,1))
# or `np.dot(t, m)` instead `t @ m`
#label axes
ax.set_xlabel('x')
ax.set_ylabel('y')
ax.set_zlabel('z')
#plot figure
ax.plot_surface(x,y,z,linewidth=0, antialiased=False, shade = True, alpha = 0.5)
plt.show()
这是最好的解决方案: - 首先,你必须在Spyder环境中执行你的python脚本,这很容易通过下载Anaconda来获得。在Spyder中执行脚本后,您只需按照下一条说明操作即可:
理论上,执行上述步骤后,如果运行脚本,则创建的图形将显示在不同的窗口中,您可以通过缩放和平移与它们进行交互。在3d图(3d曲面)的情况下,您将能够围绕它进行环绕。