最近,我尝试使用python和kivy制作该应用。在经过数小时的搜索之后,我或多或少地拥有了我想要的一切。仅缺少一件事:
我有几个屏幕。在应用程序的开头,我有一个菜单。之后,我有很多问题;他们所有在屏幕底部具有相同的文本和按钮。我设法做到了以下方式:
<firstquestion>:
name: "firstquestion"
GridLayout:
cols: 1
size_hint_y: 1
GridLayout:
cols: 1
NeuLabelinBox:
text: "Here the Question"
GridLayout:
cols: 1
size_hint_y: 0.1
UnteresMenue:
请注意“ UnteresMenue”,它以kv语言引用另一个类。我想我以某种方式将两个屏幕混合在一起。 “ UnteresMenue”的kv代码
<UnteresMenue>:
name: "UnteresMenue"
#id: UnteresMenue
GridLayout:
cols: 1
NeuButton:
text: root.labeltext
现在是python部分:
class UnteresMenue(Screen):
labeltext = StringProperty("Answer")
很好。但是,当我在应用程序的开头按下某个按钮时,我想在此“ UnteresMenue”中更改标签的文本(“开始问题”)。 “不确定性”中的标签应更改为特定文本。为此:
text: "Exam"
self.manager.get_screen('UnteresMenue').labeltext = text
对于所有其他类,此方法工作正常。但不适用于该特定类“ UnteresMenue”。是因为它在问题中实现了,因此kv无法识别其属性?
对于任何小提示,我将不胜感激!
这里是一个“迷你”示例:
在主菜单中,进入“考试”部分(在示例中按此处)。进入本节(Prüfungsmodus)时,问题的性质应更改。再次“按此处”进入问题。
通常,它在问题的顶部说“这应该改变”,并且应该在进入Prüfungsmodus屏幕(python文件中的def on_enter类)时将标签更改为“ Zeit”,但事实并非如此。 ..
Python文件:
from kivy.app import App
from kivy.lang import Builder
from kivy.uix.screenmanager import ScreenManager, Screen, TransitionBase
from kivy.properties import ObjectProperty, NumericProperty
from kivy.uix.popup import Popup
from kivy.uix.label import Label
from kivy.core.text import LabelBase
from kivy.core.window import Window
from kivy.graphics import Color, InstructionGroup, Line, Rectangle
from kivy.uix.boxlayout import BoxLayout
from kivy.uix.button import Button
from kivy.properties import ListProperty
from kivy.uix.textinput import TextInput
from kivy.uix.checkbox import CheckBox
from kivy.uix.widget import Widget
from kivy.config import Config
from kivy.properties import StringProperty
from kivy.clock import Clock
from functools import partial
from kivy.uix.image import Image
from kivy.garden.navigationdrawer import NavigationDrawer as ND
from kivy.uix.scatter import Scatter
import random
import time
Window.clearcolor = (0.2,0.2, 0.2,1)
Window.size = (480, 800)
#--------------------------------- Hauptmenü -------------------------------------------
class hauptmenue(Screen, Widget):
pass
class Pruefungsmodus(Screen):
labeltext2 = StringProperty("hi")
def on_enter(self):
text = "Zeit"
self.manager.get_screen('OberesMenue').labeltext = text #DAS Klappt nicht
def StartPruefung(self):
sm.current = "ersteFrage"
class UnteresMenue(Screen):
background_color_Kappa = ListProperty([0.2,0.2,0.2, 1])
class OberesMenue(Screen):
BildLabeltext = StringProperty("Bilder\Loesung_Bild_pressed.png")
BildLabeltext2 = StringProperty("Bilder\Loesung_Bild.png")
labeltext = StringProperty("This should change")
class ersteFrage(Screen):
pass
class WindowManager(ScreenManager):
pass
kv = Builder.load_file("my.kv")
sm = WindowManager()
sm.add_widget(hauptmenue(name="hauptmenue"))
sm.add_widget(Pruefungsmodus(name="Pruefungsmodus"))
sm.add_widget(OberesMenue(name="OberesMenue"))
sm.add_widget(UnteresMenue(name="UnteresMenue"))
sm.add_widget(ersteFrage(name="ersteFrage"))
sm.current = "hauptmenue"
class Vorbrereitung(App):
pruefung = ObjectProperty(None)
def build(self):
return sm
if __name__ == "__main__":
Vorbrereitung().run()
my.kv文件:
#:include alleFragen.kv
<NeuLabel2@Label>:
halign: "center"
color:1,1,1,1 # <-----------
canvas.before:
Color:
rgba: 0.2,0.2, 0.2,1
Rectangle:
pos: self.pos
size: self.size
<NeuLabelinBox@Label>:
font_size: "22sp"
color:0,0,0,1 # <-----------
canvas.before:
Color:
rgba: 0.949019608, 0.949019608, 0.949019608, 1
Rectangle:
pos: self.pos
size: self.size
<NeuCheckBox@CheckBox>:
color: 0, 0, 0, 1
canvas.before:
Color:
rgba: 0.949019608, 0.949019608, 0.949019608, 1
Rectangle:
pos: self.pos
size: self.size
<NeuButton@Button>:
font_size: "22sp"
background_normal: ''
#background_normal: "background.png"
background_color: 0.92549,0.92549,0.92549, 1
color:0,0,0,1 # <-----------
canvas.before:
Color:
rgba: 0.2,0.2, 0.2,1
Rectangle:
pos: self.pos
size: self.size
<NeuButtonKappa@Button>:
font_size: "40sp"
background_normal: ''
background_color: 0.2,0.2,0.2, 1
color:1,1,1,1 # <-----------
canvas.before:
Color:
rgba: 0.2,0.2, 0.2,1
Rectangle:
pos: self.pos
size: self.size
#---------------------------------- Hauptmenue ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<hauptmenue>:
name: "Hauptmenue"
GridLayout:
cols:1
#spacing: 20
GridLayout:
cols:1
padding: 20
size_hint_y: 0.2
NeuLabel2:
size_hint_x: 0.6
text: ""
font_size: (root.width**2 + root.height**2) / 13**4
halign: 'center'
valign: 'middle'
GridLayout:
cols:2
padding: 30
spacing: 20
size_hint_y: 0.5
BoxLayout:
NeuButton:
text: ''
BoxLayout:
NeuButton:
text: 'PRESS HERE'
on_release:
app.root.current = "Pruefungsmodus"
BoxLayout:
NeuButton:
text: ""
halign: 'center'
valign: 'middle'
BoxLayout:
NeuButton:
text: ""
BoxLayout:
padding: 10
size_hint_y: 0.15
NeuButton:
text: ''
#---------------------------------- Pruefungsmodus ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<Pruefungsmodus>:
name: "Pruefungsmodus"
#background_color: 1, 1, 1, 1
id: pruefungsmudos
GridLayout:
cols:1
#spacing: 20
GridLayout:
cols:3
padding: 20
size_hint_y: 0.2
Image:
size_hint_x: 0.2
source:"Bilder\Logo.png"
NeuLabel2:
size_hint_x: 0.6
text: 'Pr\u00FCfungs\nmodus'
font_size: (root.width**2 + root.height**2) / 12**4
halign: 'center'
valign: 'middle'
Image:
size_hint_x: 0.2
source:"Bilder\Logo2.png"
GridLayout:
cols:1
padding: 30
spacing: 10
size_hint_y: 0.4
NeuLabelinBox:
id: text2
text: root.labeltext2
color: 0,0,0,1 # <-----------
canvas.before:
Color:
rgba: 0.949019608, 0.949019608, 0.949019608, 1
Rectangle:
pos: self.pos
size: self.size
GridLayout:
cols:2
padding: 30
size_hint_y: 0.2
BoxLayout:
padding: 30
spacing: 10
NeuButton:
size_hint_x: 0.5
text: "Press Here"
on_release:
app.root.current = "ersteFrage"
NeuButton:
size_hint_x: 0.5
text: ""
on_release:
app.root.current = "hauptmenue"
#---------------------------------- Erste Frage ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<ersteFrage>:
name: "ersteFrage"
GridLayout:
cols: 1
size_hint_y: 1
GridLayout:
cols: 1
size_hint_y: 0.08
OberesMenue:
GridLayout:
cols: 1
size_hint_y: 0.1
NeuLabel2:
font_size: "18sp"
text: "Wie lautet......."
GridLayout:
cols: 1
size_hint_y: 0.7
padding: 20
background_color: 0.92549,0.92549,0.92549, 1
rows: 2
BoxLayout:
orientation:'horizontal'
NeuLabelinBox:
text: "h+u=ZU"
NeuCheckBox:
NeuLabelinBox:
text: "h+u=ZU"
NeuCheckBox:
BoxLayout:
orientation:'horizontal'
NeuLabelinBox:
text: "h+u=ZU"
NeuCheckBox:
NeuLabelinBox:
text: "h+u=ZU"
NeuCheckBox:
GridLayout:
cols: 1
size_hint_y: 0.1
UnteresMenue:
以及外包的顶部和按钮菜单:alleFragen.kv
<OberesMenue>:
id: OberesMenueee
name: "OberesMenue"
GridLayout:
cols:1
GridLayout:
#size_hint_y: 0.05
spacing: 20
cols: 3
NeuButton:
text: ""
size_hint_x: 0.16
background_color: 1,1,1, 1
background_down: root.BildLabeltext
background_normal: root.BildLabeltext2
color:1,1,1,1 # <-----------
canvas.before:
Color:
rgba: 0.2,0.2, 0.2,1
Rectangle:
pos: self.pos
size: self.size
NeuLabel2:
size_hint_x: 0.8
text: root.labeltext
NeuButtonKappa:
size_hint_x: 0.1
text: "MENU"
background_down: "Bilder\HintergurndFarbe_app.png"
on_release:
app.root.current = "hauptmenue"
<UnteresMenue>:
name: "UnteresMenue"
id: UnteresMenuee
GridLayout:
cols: 5
spacing: 20
padding: 20
NeuButton:
text: "<=="
NeuButton:
text: "<"
NeuButtonKappa:
text: 'k'
#background_color: root.background_color_Kappa
background_down: "Bilder\HintergurndFarbe_app.png"
NeuButton:
text: ">"
NeuButton:
text: "==>"
sm.add_widget(OberesMenue(name="OberesMenue"))
并且您在kv
中创建了另一个:
<ersteFrage>:
name: "ersteFrage"
GridLayout:
cols: 1
size_hint_y: 1
GridLayout:
cols: 1
size_hint_y: 0.08
OberesMenue:
为了访问OberesMenue
的第二个实例,您可以添加id
:
<ersteFrage>:
name: "ersteFrage"
GridLayout:
cols: 1
size_hint_y: 1
GridLayout:
cols: 1
size_hint_y: 0.08
OberesMenue:
id: in_ersteFrage
然后在on_enter()
的Pruefungsmodus
方法中,可以使用以下方式更改该实例:
def on_enter(self):
text = "Zeit"
self.manager.get_screen('ersteFrage').ids.in_ersteFrage.labeltext = text #DAS Klappt nicht
注意,这会在Label
的第二个实例中更改OberesMenue
,但对第一个实例无效。您的原始代码正在更改第一个实例,但没有更改第二个实例。而且您不能同时在两个地方放置相同的实例,因为Widget
一次只能有一个父对象。
因此,如果这些实例意图相同,那么您需要在两个实例中都更改Label
。如果您确实要共享同一实例,则可以保留自己的位置记录,并使用
remove_widget()
和add_widget()
将其从一个父对象移动到另一个父对象。