我按照 Docker 部分的说明进行操作： 使用 Flask、SQLAlchemy、Postgres、Docker、Docker Compose 的 Python CRUD Rest API 出于成本考虑，尝试使用 Dockerfile 和 Docker Compose 文件在 debian Droplet 中部署应用程序，而不是应用程序平台。但是本地成功，云端出错。我相信这是因为没有找到 PostgreSQL 数据库。我需要更改 docker 文件中的 URL 吗？部署后我应该使用什么 URL？我想我可以使用 Droplet 的 IP 地址 <=> localhost？ 请参考下面的文件和错误。非常感谢。 docker 撰写文件：
version: "3.9"
services:
flask_app:
container_name: flask_app
image: dockerhub-flask_live_app:1.0.0
build: .
ports:
- "5000:5000"
environment:
- DB_URL=postgresql://postgres:postgres123456@flask_db:5432/postgres
depends_on:
- flask_db
flask_db:
container_name: flask_db
image: postgres:16
ports:
- "5432:5432"
environment:
- POSTGRES_PASSWORD=postgres123456
- POSTGRES_USER=postgres
- POSTGRES_DB=postgres
volumes:
- pgdata:/var/lib/postgresql/data
volumes:
pgdata: {}
docker 文件：
# Use an official Python runtime as a parent image
FROM python:3.9-slim
# Set environment variables for Python
ENV PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE 1
ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED 1
# set working directory
WORKDIR /app
# Install system dependencies
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
unzip \
wget \
gnupg2 \
ca-certificates \
apt-transport-https \
software-properties-common
# Add Google Chrome to the repositories
RUN wget -q -O - https://dl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | apt-key add - \
&& sh -c 'echo "deb [arch=amd64] http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.list'
# Install Google Chrome
RUN DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
RUN apt-get -f install
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends google-chrome-stable
#OR
#wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
#sudo dpkg -i google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
#sudo apt-get -f install -y
RUN google-chrome --version
RUN wget -q --continue -P /chromedriver "https://edgedl.me.gvt1.com/edgedl/chrome/chrome-for-testing/120.0.6099.71/linux64/chromedriver-linux64.zip" \
&& unzip /chromedriver/chromedriver* -d /usr/local/bin/
# Move and adjust permissions for chromedrive
# RUN wget https://edgedl.me.gvt1.com/edgedl/chrome/chrome-for-testing/119.0.6045.105/linux64/chromedriver-linux64.zip
# RUN && unzip chromedriver-linux64.zip
# RUN && mv chromedriver-linux64/chromedriver /usr/bin
# RUN && chown root:root /usr/bin/chromedriver
# RUN && chmod +x /usr/bin/chromedriver
# Install Python dependencies
COPY requirements.txt /app/
#RUN apt-get install python3-pip
RUN pip install --upgrade pip
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
# Copy the current directory contents into the container at /app
COPY . /app/
EXPOSE 5000
ENV FLASK_APP=app.py
#CMD [ "python3", "-m" , "flask", "run", "--host=0.0.0.0"]
CMD ["gunicorn" , "-b", "0.0.0.0:5000", "app:app"]
应用程序.py
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'postgresql://postgres:postgres123456@flask_db:5432/postgres'
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS'] = False
from models import FlightDB,db
db.init_app(app)
models.py：
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from sqlalchemy.sql import func
db = SQLAlchemy()
class FlightDB(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
DRP_DATETIME = db.Column(db.Text)
ARR_DATETIME = db.Column(db.Text)
DEP_AIRPORT = db.Column(db.Text)
ARR_AIRPORT = db.Column(db.Text)
AIRLINE = db.Column(db.Text)
FLIGHTNUMBER = db.Column(db.Text)
PRICE = db.Column(db.Text)
LINK = db.Column(db.Text)
CREATEDDATE = db.Column(db.DateTime(timezone=True),
server_default=func.now())
#def __init__(self, DRP_DATETIME, ARR_DATETIME,ARR_AIRPORT, DEP_AIRPORT, AIRLINE,FLIGHTNUMBER,PRICE,LINK,CREATEDDATE):
def __repr__(self):
return f'<Flight {self.AIRLINE+self.FLIGHTNUMBER}>'
错误消息（我的代码中没有“flight_db”，它可能来自sqlalchemy中的一些翻译）：
root@debian-s-1vcpu-512mb-10gb-nyc1-01:~/flight# docker compose up flask_app
[+] Running 2/0
✔ Container flask_db Running 0.0s
✔ Container flask_app Created 0.0s
Attaching to flask_app
flask_app | [2023-12-30 21:04:38 +0000] [1] [INFO] Starting gunicorn 21.2.0
flask_app | [2023-12-30 21:04:38 +0000] [1] [INFO] Listening at: http://0.0.0.0:5000 (1)
flask_app | [2023-12-30 21:04:38 +0000] [1] [INFO] Using worker: sync
flask_app | [2023-12-30 21:04:38 +0000] [6] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 6
flask_app | [2023-12-30 21:08:21,445] ERROR in app: Exception on / [GET]
flask_app | Traceback (most recent call last):
flask_app | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1969, in _exec_single_context
flask_app | self.dialect.do_execute(
flask_app | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/default.py", line 922, in do_execute
flask_app | cursor.execute(statement, parameters)
flask_app | psycopg2.errors.UndefinedTable: relation "flight_db" does not exist
flask_app | LINE 2: FROM flight_db ORDER BY flight_db."CREATEDDATE" DESC
flask_app | ^
flask_app |
flask_app |
flask_app | The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
flask_app |
flask_app | Traceback (most recent call last):
flask_app | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1455, in wsgi_app
flask_app | response = self.full_dispatch_request()
flask_app | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 869, in full_dispatch_request
flask_app | rv = self.handle_user_exception(e)
flask_app | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/flask_cors/extension.py", line 176, in wrapped_function
flask_app | return cors_after_request(app.make_response(f(*args, **kwargs)))
flask_app | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 867, in full_dispatch_request
flask_app | rv = self.dispatch_request()
flask_app | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 852, in dispatch_request
flask_app | return self.ensure_sync(self.view_functions[rule.endpoint])(**view_args)
flask_app | File "/app/app.py", line 258, in index
flask_app | posts = FlightDB.query.order_by(FlightDB.CREATEDDATE.desc()).all()
flask_app | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/query.py", line 2693, in all
flask_app | return self._iter().all() # type: ignore
flask_app | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/query.py", line 2847, in _iter
flask_app | result: Union[ScalarResult[_T], Result[_T]] = self.session.execute(
flask_app | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/session.py", line 2308, in execute
flask_app | return self._execute_internal(
flask_app | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/session.py", line 2190, in _execute_internal
flask_app | result: Result[Any] = compile_state_cls.orm_execute_statement(
flask_app | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/context.py", line 293, in orm_execute_statement
flask_app | result = conn.execute(
flask_app | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1416, in execute
flask_app | return meth(
flask_app | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/sqlalchemy/sql/elements.py", line 516, in _execute_on_connection
flask_app | return connection._execute_clauseelement(
flask_app | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1639, in _execute_clauseelement
flask_app | ret = self._execute_context(
flask_app | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1848, in _execute_context
flask_app | return self._exec_single_context(
flask_app | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1988, in _exec_single_context
flask_app | self._handle_dbapi_exception(
flask_app | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 2343, in _handle_dbapi_exception
flask_app | raise sqlalchemy_exception.with_traceback(exc_info[2]) from e
flask_app | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1969, in _exec_single_context
flask_app | self.dialect.do_execute(
flask_app | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/default.py", line 922, in do_execute
flask_app | cursor.execute(statement, parameters)
flask_app | sqlalchemy.exc.ProgrammingError: (psycopg2.errors.UndefinedTable) relation "flight_db" does not exist
flask_app | LINE 2: FROM flight_db ORDER BY flight_db."CREATEDDATE" DESC
flask_app | ^
flask_app |
flask_app | [SQL: SELECT flight_db.id AS flight_db_id, flight_db."DRP_DATETIME" AS "flight_db_DRP_DATETIME", flight_db."ARR_DATETIME" AS "flight_db_ARR_DATETIME", flight_db."DEP_AIRPORT" AS "flight_db_DEP_AIRPORT", flight_db."ARR_AIRPORT" AS "flight_db_ARR_AIRPORT", flight_db."AIRLINE" AS "flight_db_AIRLINE", flight_db."FLIGHTNUMBER" AS "flight_db_FLIGHTNUMBER", flight_db."PRICE" AS "flight_db_PRICE", flight_db."LINK" AS "flight_db_LINK", flight_db."CREATEDDATE" AS "flight_db_CREATEDDATE"
flask_app | FROM flight_db ORDER BY flight_db."CREATEDDATE" DESC]
flask_app | (Background on this error at: https://sqlalche.me/e/20/f405)
flask_app | [2023-12-30 21:08:21,619] ERROR in app: Exception on / [GET]
flask_app | Traceback (most recent call last):
flask_app | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1969, in _exec_single_context
flask_app | self.dialect.do_execute(
flask_app | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/default.py", line 922, in do_execute
flask_app | cursor.execute(statement, parameters)
flask_app | psycopg2.errors.UndefinedTable: relation "flight_db" does not exist
flask_app | LINE 2: FROM flight_db ORDER BY flight_db."CREATEDDATE" DESC
flask_app | ^
flask_app |
flask_app |
flask_app | The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
flask_app |
flask_app | Traceback (most recent call last):
flask_app | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1455, in wsgi_app
flask_app | response = self.full_dispatch_request()
flask_app | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 869, in full_dispatch_request
flask_app | rv = self.handle_user_exception(e)
flask_app | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/flask_cors/extension.py", line 176, in wrapped_function
flask_app | return cors_after_request(app.make_response(f(*args, **kwargs)))
flask_app | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 867, in full_dispatch_request
flask_app | rv = self.dispatch_request()
flask_app | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 852, in dispatch_request
flask_app | return self.ensure_sync(self.view_functions[rule.endpoint])(**view_args)
flask_app | File "/app/app.py", line 258, in index
flask_app | posts = FlightDB.query.order_by(FlightDB.CREATEDDATE.desc()).all()
flask_app | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/query.py", line 2693, in all
flask_app | return self._iter().all() # type: ignore
flask_app | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/query.py", line 2847, in _iter
flask_app | result: Union[ScalarResult[_T], Result[_T]] = self.session.execute(
flask_app | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/session.py", line 2308, in execute
flask_app | return self._execute_internal(
flask_app | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/session.py", line 2190, in _execute_internal
flask_app | result: Result[Any] = compile_state_cls.orm_execute_statement(
flask_app | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/context.py", line 293, in orm_execute_statement
flask_app | result = conn.execute(
flask_app | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1416, in execute
flask_app | return meth(
flask_app | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/sqlalchemy/sql/elements.py", line 516, in _execute_on_connection
flask_app | return connection._execute_clauseelement(
flask_app | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1639, in _execute_clauseelement
flask_app | ret = self._execute_context(
flask_app | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1848, in _execute_context
flask_app | return self._exec_single_context(
flask_app | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1988, in _exec_single_context
flask_app | self._handle_dbapi_exception(
flask_app | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 2343, in _handle_dbapi_exception
flask_app | raise sqlalchemy_exception.with_traceback(exc_info[2]) from e
flask_app | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1969, in _exec_single_context
flask_app | self.dialect.do_execute(
flask_app | File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/default.py", line 922, in do_execute
flask_app | cursor.execute(statement, parameters)
flask_app | sqlalchemy.exc.ProgrammingError: (psycopg2.errors.UndefinedTable) relation "flight_db" does not exist
flask_app | LINE 2: FROM flight_db ORDER BY flight_db."CREATEDDATE" DESC
flask_app | ^
flask_app |
flask_app | [SQL: SELECT ***
flask_app | FROM flight_db ORDER BY flight_db."CREATEDDATE" DESC]
flask_app | (Background on this error at: https://sqlalche.me/e/20/f405)
flask_app | [2023-12-30 21:08:52 +0000] [1] [CRITICAL] WORKER TIMEOUT (pid:6)
flask_app | [2023-12-30 21:08:52 +0000] [6] [INFO] Worker exiting (pid: 6)
flask_app | [2023-12-30 21:08:52 +0000] [1] [ERROR] Worker (pid:6) exited with code 1
flask_app | [2023-12-30 21:08:52 +0000] [1] [ERROR] Worker (pid:6) exited with code 1.
flask_app | [2023-12-30 21:08:52 +0000] [290] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 290
psycopg2.errors.UndefinedTable：关系“flight_db”不存在
看起来数据库已找到，但其中没有任何表。在您链接的示例中，他们调用
db.create_all()