我正在寻找最Pythonic的方法,根据序列中缺少的数字将数字列表分割成更小的列表。例如,如果初始列表是:
seq1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
该函数将产生:
[[1, 2, 3, 4], [6, 7, 8, 9, 10]]
或
seq2 = [1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10]
会导致:
[[1, 2], [4, 5, 6], [8, 9, 10]]
>>> # Find runs of consecutive numbers using groupby. The key to the solution
>>> # is differencing with a range so that consecutive numbers all appear in
>>> # same group.
>>> from itertools import groupby
>>> from operator import itemgetter
>>> data = [ 1, 4,5,6, 10, 15,16,17,18, 22, 25,26,27,28]
>>> for k, g in groupby(enumerate(data), lambda i_x: i_x[0] - i_x[1]):
... print(list(map(itemgetter(1), g)))
...
[1]
[4, 5, 6]
[10]
[15, 16, 17, 18]
[22]
[25, 26, 27, 28]
groupby
函数都会生成一个中断。技巧在于返回值是列表中的数字减去列表中元素的位置。当数字存在差距时,这种差异就会发生变化。
itemgetter
函数来自operator模块,您必须导入它和itertools模块才能使本示例工作。
或者,作为列表理解:
>>> [map(itemgetter(1), g) for k, g in groupby(enumerate(seq2), lambda i_x: i_x[0] - i_x[1])]
[[1, 2], [4, 5, 6], [8, 9, 10]]
这是一个适用于 Python 3 的解决方案(基于之前仅适用于 Python 2 的答案)。
>>> from operator import itemgetter
>>> from itertools import *
>>> groups = []
>>> for k, g in groupby(enumerate(seq2), lambda x: x[0]-x[1]):
>>> groups.append(list(map(itemgetter(1), g)))
...
>>> print(groups)
[[1, 2], [4, 5, 6], [8, 9, 10]]
或作为列表理解
>>> [list(map(itemgetter(1), g)) for k, g in groupby(enumerate(seq2), lambda x: x[0]-x[1])]
[[1, 2], [4, 5, 6], [8, 9, 10]]
需要做出改变,因为
另一个不需要 itertools 等的选项:
>>> data = [1, 4, 5, 6, 10, 15, 16, 17, 18, 22, 25, 26, 27, 28]
>>> spl = [0]+[i for i in range(1,len(data)) if data[i]-data[i-1]>1]+[None]
>>> [data[b:e] for (b, e) in [(spl[i-1],spl[i]) for i in range(1,len(spl))]]
... [[1], [4, 5, 6], [10], [15, 16, 17, 18], [22], [25, 26, 27, 28]]
我的路
alist = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22]
newlist = []
start = 0
end = 0
for index,value in enumerate(alist):
if index < len(alist)-1:
if alist[index+1]> value+1:
end = index +1
newlist.append(alist[start:end])
start = end
else:
newlist.append(alist[start: len(alist)])
print(newlist)
结果
[[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8], [10, 11, 12], [15, 16, 17, 18], [20, 21, 22]]
我更喜欢这个,因为它不需要任何额外的库或对第一种情况进行特殊处理:
a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22]
b = []
subList = []
prev_n = -1
for n in a:
if prev_n+1 != n: # end of previous subList and beginning of next
if subList: # if subList already has elements
b.append(subList)
subList = []
subList.append(n)
prev_n = n
if subList:
b.append(subList)
print a
print b
输出:
[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10,11,12,15,16,17,18,20,21,22]
[[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8],[10,11,12],[15,16,17,18],[20,21,22]]
使用 numpy 进行简短的单行代码:
seq2 = [1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10]
np.split(seq2, np.where(np.diff(seq2) > 1)[0] + 1)
结果:
[array([1, 2]), array([4, 5, 6]), array([ 8, 9, 10])]