在七段Arduino中创建设置菜单

Question

大家好，我正在开发一个工业用途的Arduino项目。其作用是设定继电器的动作时间。现在我遇到的问题是操作员需要访问这些活动的值并更改它们。也就是说，它可以改变继电器的活动持续时间和休息时间。 我总共有八个数字变量，十进制数字如 2.3（以秒为单位），我必须创建类似七段菜单的东西，以便可以在没有程序的情况下再次更改这些数字。 ** 我用于这项工作的是一个四位七段和一些按钮**（我可以根据需要增加或减少它们）。例如，我想要，当按下键 1（例如，连接到 Arduino 的数字引脚 8）3 秒时，p1（例如，直到 p4 和 f1 到 f4 以及最后 o0 的其余变量）将是显示并使用其他两个键（连接到数字引脚 9 和 10）能够在这些变量之间移动，当用户想要更改一个时，再次按 k1 并使用其他两个键再次增加或减少值，然后通过再按一次k1，进入第一个菜单。返回 如果在菜单中按下 k1 三秒钟，将应用设置，并且程序将以新的更改运行。 这是我当前的代码：

#include <TM1637Display.h>

#define CLK 2
#define DIO 3
TM1637Display display(CLK, DIO);

int relayPins[] = {4, 5, 6, 7};
int onTimes[] = {2000, 4000, 5000, 3000};
int offTimes[] = {1000, 2000, 1000, 3000};

void setup() {
  for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
    pinMode(relayPins[i], OUTPUT);
    digitalWrite(relayPins[i], LOW);
  }
  display.setBrightness(0x0f);
}

void loop() {
  for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
    digitalWrite(relayPins[i], HIGH);
    for (int j = onTimes[i] / 1000; j > 0; j--) {
      display.showNumberDec(j, false, 2, 0);
      delay(1000);
    }
    digitalWrite(relayPins[i], LOW);
    for (int j = offTimes[i] / 1000; j > 0; j--) {
      display.showNumberDec(j, false, 2, 0);
      delay(1000);
    }
  }
}

但是，我不知道如何编写这部分（我是 Arduino 和 C 的新手），我真的很感谢你的帮助！

---

为了方便工作，如果你想模拟当前的代码，请将之前的代码放在https://wokwi.com/projects/new/arduino-uno。在diagram.json部分中输入此内容以向您展示电路（同时安装TM1637库）：

{
  "version": 1,
  "author": "Yogesh R",
  "editor": "wokwi",
  "parts": [
    { "type": "wokwi-arduino-uno", "id": "uno", "top": 442.2, "left": -672.6, "attrs": {} },
    { "type": "wokwi-led", "id": "led2", "top": -138, "left": 51.8, "attrs": { "color": "red" } },
    {
      "type": "wokwi-resistor",
      "id": "r1",
      "top": -207.25,
      "left": 115.2,
      "attrs": { "value": "220" }
    },
    { "type": "wokwi-relay-module", "id": "relay1", "top": 489.8, "left": -364.8, "attrs": {} },
    { "type": "wokwi-relay-module", "id": "relay2", "top": 624.2, "left": -364.8, "attrs": {} },
    { "type": "wokwi-relay-module", "id": "relay3", "top": 422.6, "left": -364.8, "attrs": {} },
    { "type": "wokwi-relay-module", "id": "relay4", "top": 557, "left": -364.8, "attrs": {} },
    {
      "type": "wokwi-tm1637-7segment",
      "id": "sevseg1",
      "top": 297.56,
      "left": -607.37,
      "attrs": { "color": "red" }
    }
  ],
  "connections": [
    [ "relay3:GND", "relay1:GND", "black", [ "h0" ] ],
    [ "relay1:GND", "relay4:GND", "black", [ "h0" ] ],
    [ "relay4:GND", "relay2:GND", "black", [ "h0" ] ],
    [ "relay3:VCC", "relay1:VCC", "red", [ "h0" ] ],
    [ "relay4:VCC", "relay1:VCC", "red", [ "h0" ] ],
    [ "relay4:VCC", "relay2:VCC", "red", [ "h0" ] ],
    [ "relay3:VCC", "uno:5V", "red", [ "h0" ] ],
    [ "relay2:GND", "uno:GND.2", "black", [ "h0" ] ],
    [ "relay3:IN", "uno:4", "green", [ "h0" ] ],
    [ "relay1:IN", "uno:5", "green", [ "h0" ] ],
    [ "relay4:IN", "uno:6", "green", [ "h0" ] ],
    [ "relay2:IN", "uno:7", "green", [ "h0" ] ],
    [ "sevseg1:CLK", "uno:2", "green", [ "h57.6", "v124.8" ] ],
    [ "sevseg1:DIO", "uno:3", "green", [ "h28.8", "v57.6", "h-42.4" ] ],
    [ "sevseg1:VCC", "uno:5V", "red", [ "v144", "h-80.6" ] ],
    [ "sevseg1:GND", "uno:GND.3", "black", [ "h28.8", "v316.8", "h-86.4" ] ]
  ],
  "dependencies": {}
}

我写不出来

Answer 1

当然！您需要创建一个菜单系统来使用按钮更改开启和关闭时间。下面是一个简化的示例，可帮助您开始使用可编辑菜单系统，使用长按和短按检测连接到数字引脚 8 的按钮，以及引脚 9 和 10 上的递增和递减按钮。

    #include <TM1637Display.h>
    
    #define CLK 2
    #define DIO 3
    #define MENU_BUTTON_PIN 8
    #define INCREMENT_BUTTON_PIN 9
    #define DECREMENT_BUTTON_PIN 10
    #define LONG_PRESS_TIME 3000  // 3 seconds
    
    TM1637Display display(CLK, DIO);
    
    int relayPins[] = {4, 5, 6, 7};
    float onTimes[] = {2.0, 4.0, 5.0, 3.0};
    float offTimes[] = {1.0, 2.0, 1.0, 3.0};
    int currentVar = 0;  // Current variable to adjust
    bool inEditMode = false;
    
    unsigned long buttonPressTime = 0;
    bool isLongPress = false;
    
    void setup() {
      for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
        pinMode(relayPins[i], OUTPUT);
        digitalWrite(relayPins[i], LOW);
      }
      
      pinMode(MENU_BUTTON_PIN, INPUT_PULLUP);
      pinMode(INCREMENT_BUTTON_PIN, INPUT_PULLUP);
      pinMode(DECREMENT_BUTTON_PIN, INPUT_PULLUP);
    
      display.setBrightness(0x0f);
    }
    
    void displayMenu() {
      // We assume only one variable is displayed and editable at a time
      // Update display based on current variable selected
      if (currentVar < 4) {
        display.showNumberDecEx(onTimes[currentVar] * 10, 0b11100000, true, 3, 0);
      } else {
        display.showNumberDecEx(offTimes[currentVar - 4] * 10, 0b11100000, true, 3, 0);
      }
    }
    
    void updateSelectedVar(float increment) {
      if (currentVar < 4) {
        onTimes[currentVar] += increment;
      } else {
        offTimes[currentVar - 4] += increment;
      }
    }
    
    void checkButtons() {
      if (digitalRead(MENU_BUTTON_PIN) == LOW) {
        if (buttonPressTime == 0) {
          buttonPressTime = millis();
        } else if ((millis() - buttonPressTime) > LONG_PRESS_TIME) {
          isLongPress = true;
        }
      } else {
        if (buttonPressTime != 0) {
          if (isLongPress) {
            // Long press detected, toggle edit mode or apply new settings
            if (inEditMode) {
              // Apply settings and exit edit mode
              inEditMode = false;
              // Here you might save the settings, e.g., to EEPROM if you want them to be persistent
            } else {
              inEditMode = true;
              currentVar = 0;  // Start at the first variable
            }
            isLongPress = false;  // Reset the long press flag
          } else {
            // Short press detected, navigate the menu or adjust values
            if (inEditMode) {
              // Adjust the curent variable
              currentVar = (currentVar + 1) % 8;  // Cycle through variables p1 to p4 and f1 to f4 (assuming 8 total variables)
            }
          }
          buttonPressTime = 0;  // Reset the button press timer
        }
      }
    
      if (inEditMode && digitalRead(INCREMENT_BUTTON_PIN) == LOW) {
        updateSelectedVar(0.1);  // Increment the current variable
        delay(200);  // Debounce delay
      }
    
      if (inEditMode && digitalRead(DECREMENT_BUTTON_PIN) == LOW) {
        updateSelectedVar(-0.1);  // Decrement the current variable
        delay(200);  // Debounce delay
      }
    }
    
    void loop() {
      if (inEditMode) {
        displayMenu();
      } else {
        // Your existing relay logic and display code goes here
      }
      checkButtons();
    }

请注意：此代码是一个简单的基础示例，演示如何开始构建菜单系统以使用按钮调整变量。去抖动逻辑是基于延迟的原始逻辑，这可能不适合您的生产环境。您可能需要改进用户体验、如何更改值、通过软件或硬件添加去抖以及处理变量最小/最大约束等。

请记住，如果没有其余逻辑，此代码将无法编译，并且需要在不阻塞处理器的情况下与继电器控制代码明智地集成。此外，您可能希望将这些设置存储在 EEPROM（非易失性存储器）中，以便它们在重新启动之间保持不变。

单独测试此代码，然后将其逐步集成到您的项目中，确保您了解每个部分的工作原理。