按照外键引用的表的顺序将数据从 PROD 重新加载到非 PROD

Question

有没有动态脚本可以

1. 按顺序截断多个表
2. 使用链接服务器从另一台服务器加载数据，
3. 注意重新加载顺序，以免出现任何外键引用错误， 理想的顺序： a) 删除 FK， b) 截断表， c) 重新加载数据，
   (i) 将身份插入设置为 (二) 插入数据 (iii) 将身份插入设置为关闭
   d) 创建外键
4. 能够识别数据库表、约束和键，而无需将其作为用户的输入。

Answer 1

最近我生成了以下脚本，它帮助我将数据从生产环境重新加载（改造）到非生产环境：

DECLARE @linkedServerName NVARCHAR(255) = 'ProductionLinkedServer'
DECLARE @DatabaseName NVARCHAR(255) = 'DeliveryPromiseGlobal'
DECLARE @Schema NVARCHAR(255) = 'dbo'

DECLARE @DropForeignKeyTemplate NVARCHAR(MAX) = 'ALTER TABLE %s DROP CONSTRAINT %s;';
DECLARE @CreateForeignKeyTemplate NVARCHAR(MAX) = 'ALTER TABLE %s WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT %s FOREIGN KEY (%s) REFERENCES %s (%s);';
DECLARE @TruncateTemplate NVARCHAR(MAX) = 'TRUNCATE TABLE %s;';
DECLARE @InsertDataTemplate NVARCHAR(MAX) = 'SET IDENTITY_INSERT %s ON; INSERT INTO %s SELECT * FROM %s.%s.%s.%s; SET IDENTITY_INSERT %s OFF;';

DECLARE @DprTables TABLE (
TableName NVARCHAR(MAX),
ForeignKeyTableName NVARCHAR(MAX),
ForeignKeyConstraintName NVARCHAR(MAX),
DropForeignKeyScript NVARCHAR(MAX),
CreateForeignKeyScript NVARCHAR(MAX),
TruncateScript NVARCHAR(MAX),
HasForeignKey BIT,
InsertDataScript NVARCHAR(MAX) -- New column for insert data script
);

INSERT INTO @DprTables (TableName, ForeignKeyTableName, ForeignKeyConstraintName, DropForeignKeyScript, CreateForeignKeyScript, TruncateScript, HasForeignKey, InsertDataScript)
SELECT t.name AS TableName,
   OBJECT_NAME(fk.referenced_object_id) AS ForeignKeyTableName,
   fk.name AS ForeignKeyConstraintName,
   IIF(fk.name is not null, FORMATMESSAGE(@DropForeignKeyTemplate, QUOTENAME(t.name),QUOTENAME(fk.name)),'') AS DropForeignKeyScript,
   IIF(fk.name IS NOT NULL, FORMATMESSAGE(@CreateForeignKeyTemplate,QUOTENAME(t.name),QUOTENAME(fk.name),STRING_AGG(QUOTENAME(c.COLUMN_NAME), ', ') WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY ic.ORDINAL_POSITION) ,QUOTENAME(OBJECT_NAME(fk.referenced_object_id)),STRING_AGG(QUOTENAME(c.COLUMN_NAME), ', ') 
WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY ic.ORDINAL_POSITION)), 
       ''
      ) AS CreateForeignKeyScript,
FORMATMESSAGE(@TruncateTemplate, QUOTENAME(t.name)) AS TruncateScript,
   IIF(fk.name IS NOT NULL, 1, 0) AS HasForeignKey,
   FORMATMESSAGE(@InsertDataTemplate, 
              QUOTENAME(t.name), 
              QUOTENAME(t.name), 
              QUOTENAME(@linkedServerName), 
              QUOTENAME(@DatabaseName), 
              QUOTENAME(@Schema), 
              QUOTENAME(t.name),
              QUOTENAME(t.name)) AS InsertDataScript -- Insert data script from linked server
FROM sys.tables t
LEFT JOIN sys.foreign_keys fk ON fk.parent_object_id = t.object_id
LEFT JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE AS ic ON fk.name = ic.CONSTRAINT_NAME
LEFT JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS AS c ON ic.TABLE_NAME = c.TABLE_NAME AND ic.COLUMN_NAME = c.COLUMN_NAME
where isnull(fk.name,'') <> 'FK_DprAdvanceScoring_RuleId'
GROUP BY t.name, fk.name, fk.referenced_object_id
ORDER BY fk.name DESC, t.name;

--CREATE LINKED SERVER IF NOT ALREADY EXISTS
-- Check if the linked server already exists
DECLARE @existingLinkedServer NVARCHAR(255)

SELECT @existingLinkedServer = name
FROM sys.servers
WHERE name = @linkedServerName

IF @existingLinkedServer IS NULL
BEGIN
    EXEC sp_addlinkedserver   
       @server = @linkedServerName, -- Name of the linked server
       @srvproduct = '',  
       @provider = 'SQLNCLI', -- Provider for SQL Server
       @datasrc = 'serveraddress,port', -- IP address and port of the server
       @provstr = 'UID=userId;PWD=password'; -- SQL Server authentication credentials

    PRINT 'Linked server created successfully.'
END
ELSE
BEGIN
    PRINT 'Linked server already exists.'
END

--执行脚本 声明 @SqlCommand NVARCHAR(MAX); DECLARE @Commands TABLE（命令 NVARCHAR(MAX)）；

-- Populate the @Commands table with all commands
INSERT INTO @Commands (Command)
SELECT DropForeignKeyScript FROM @DprTables where DropForeignKeyScript <> '' GROUP BY DropForeignKeyScript 
UNION ALL
SELECT TruncateScript FROM @DprTables where TruncateScript <> '' GROUP BY TruncateScript 
UNION ALL
SELECT InsertDataScript FROM @DprTables where InsertDataScript <> '' GROUP BY InsertDataScript
UNION ALL
SELECT CreateForeignKeyScript FROM @DprTables where CreateForeignKeyScript <> '' GROUP BY CreateForeignKeyScript 

-- Initialize loop variables
DECLARE @RowCount INT = (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM @Commands)
DECLARE @Counter INT = 1

--SELECT * FROM @COMMANDS
    
-- Loop through each command and execute it
WHILE @Counter <= @RowCount
BEGIN
    SELECT @SqlCommand = Command
    FROM @Commands
    WHERE (SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY (SELECT NULL))) = @Counter
    -- Execute the command
    EXEC sp_executesql @SqlCommand
    SET @Counter = @Counter + 1
END