如何在几秒钟后关闭MessageBox

问题描述 投票:0回答:15

我有一个 Windows 窗体应用程序 VS2010 C#,它显示一个带有“确定”按钮的消息框。

如何才能在用户离开时,消息框在超时(例如 5 秒)后自动关闭?

c# winforms messagebox
15个回答
139
投票

尝试以下方法:

AutoClosingMessageBox.Show("Text", "Caption", 1000);

其中

AutoClosingMessageBox
类实现如下:

public class AutoClosingMessageBox {
    System.Threading.Timer _timeoutTimer;
    string _caption;
    AutoClosingMessageBox(string text, string caption, int timeout) {
        _caption = caption;
        _timeoutTimer = new System.Threading.Timer(OnTimerElapsed,
            null, timeout, System.Threading.Timeout.Infinite);
        using(_timeoutTimer)
            MessageBox.Show(text, caption);
    }
    public static void Show(string text, string caption, int timeout) {
        new AutoClosingMessageBox(text, caption, timeout);
    }
    void OnTimerElapsed(object state) {
        IntPtr mbWnd = FindWindow("#32770", _caption); // lpClassName is #32770 for MessageBox
        if(mbWnd != IntPtr.Zero)
            SendMessage(mbWnd, WM_CLOSE, IntPtr.Zero, IntPtr.Zero);
        _timeoutTimer.Dispose();
    }
    const int WM_CLOSE = 0x0010;
    [System.Runtime.InteropServices.DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
    static extern IntPtr FindWindow(string lpClassName, string lpWindowName);
    [System.Runtime.InteropServices.DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = System.Runtime.InteropServices.CharSet.Auto)]
    static extern IntPtr SendMessage(IntPtr hWnd, UInt32 Msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam);
}

更新: 如果您想在用户在超时之前选择某些内容时获取底层 MessageBox 的返回值,您可以使用此代码的以下版本:

var userResult = AutoClosingMessageBox.Show("Yes or No?", "Caption", 1000, MessageBoxButtons.YesNo);
if(userResult == System.Windows.Forms.DialogResult.Yes) { 
    // do something
}
...
public class AutoClosingMessageBox {
    System.Threading.Timer _timeoutTimer;
    string _caption;
    DialogResult _result;
    DialogResult _timerResult;
    AutoClosingMessageBox(string text, string caption, int timeout, MessageBoxButtons buttons = MessageBoxButtons.OK, DialogResult timerResult = DialogResult.None) {
        _caption = caption;
        _timeoutTimer = new System.Threading.Timer(OnTimerElapsed,
            null, timeout, System.Threading.Timeout.Infinite);
        _timerResult = timerResult;
        using(_timeoutTimer)
            _result = MessageBox.Show(text, caption, buttons);
    }
    public static DialogResult Show(string text, string caption, int timeout, MessageBoxButtons buttons = MessageBoxButtons.OK, DialogResult timerResult = DialogResult.None) {
        return new AutoClosingMessageBox(text, caption, timeout, buttons, timerResult)._result;
    }
    void OnTimerElapsed(object state) {
        IntPtr mbWnd = FindWindow("#32770", _caption); // lpClassName is #32770 for MessageBox
        if(mbWnd != IntPtr.Zero)
            SendMessage(mbWnd, WM_CLOSE, IntPtr.Zero, IntPtr.Zero);
        _timeoutTimer.Dispose();
        _result = _timerResult;
    }
    const int WM_CLOSE = 0x0010;
    [System.Runtime.InteropServices.DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
    static extern IntPtr FindWindow(string lpClassName, string lpWindowName);
    [System.Runtime.InteropServices.DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = System.Runtime.InteropServices.CharSet.Auto)]
    static extern IntPtr SendMessage(IntPtr hWnd, UInt32 Msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam);
}

又一个更新

我用

YesNo
按钮检查了@Jack的案例,发现发送
WM_CLOSE
消息的方法根本不起作用。
我将在单独的 AutolookingMessageBox 库的上下文中提供 fix。这个库包含重新设计的方法,我相信,对某人有用。
也可以通过 NuGet 包获取:

Install-Package AutoClosingMessageBox

发行说明 (v1.0.0.2):

  • 新的
    Show(IWin32Owner)
    API 支持最流行的场景(在 #1)的上下文;
  • 新的
    AutoClosingMessageBox.Factory()
    API 可提供对 MessageBox 显示的完全控制;

发行说明 (v1.0.0.3):

  • 新倒计时功能(在#4的上下文中);
  • NET.6迁移;

46
投票

适用于 WinForms 的解决方案:

var w = new Form() { Size = new Size(0, 0) };
Task.Delay(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10))
    .ContinueWith((t) => w.Close(), TaskScheduler.FromCurrentSynchronizationContext());

MessageBox.Show(w, message, caption);

基于关闭拥有消息框的表单也会关闭消息框的效果。

Windows 窗体控件要求必须在创建它们的同一线程上访问它们。假设上面的示例代码在 UI 线程或用户创建的线程上执行,使用

TaskScheduler.FromCurrentSynchronizationContext()
将确保这一点。如果代码在线程池(例如计时器回调)或任务池(例如使用
TaskFactory.StartNew
Task.Run
使用默认参数创建的任务上)的线程上执行,则该示例将无法正常工作。


19
投票

应用程序激活!

如果您不介意稍微混淆您的参考文献,您可以包含

Microsoft.Visualbasic,
并使用这种非常简短的方式。

显示消息框

    (new System.Threading.Thread(CloseIt)).Start();
    MessageBox.Show("HI");

关闭功能:

public void CloseIt()
{
    System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(2000);
    Microsoft.VisualBasic.Interaction.AppActivate( 
         System.Diagnostics.Process.GetCurrentProcess().Id);
    System.Windows.Forms.SendKeys.SendWait(" ");
}

现在去洗手吧!


11
投票

你可以试试这个:

[DllImport("user32.dll", EntryPoint="FindWindow", SetLastError = true)]
static extern IntPtr FindWindowByCaption(IntPtr ZeroOnly, string lpWindowName);

[DllImport("user32.Dll")]
static extern int PostMessage(IntPtr hWnd, UInt32 msg, int wParam, int lParam);

private const UInt32 WM_CLOSE = 0x0010;

public void ShowAutoClosingMessageBox(string message, string caption)
{
    var timer = new System.Timers.Timer(5000) { AutoReset = false };
    timer.Elapsed += delegate
    {
        IntPtr hWnd = FindWindowByCaption(IntPtr.Zero, caption);
        if (hWnd.ToInt32() != 0) PostMessage(hWnd, WM_CLOSE, 0, 0);
    };
    timer.Enabled = true;
    MessageBox.Show(message, caption);
}

11
投票

System.Windows.MessageBox.Show() 方法有一个重载,它将所有者 Window 作为第一个参数。如果我们创建一个不可见的所有者窗口,然后在指定时间后关闭它,它的子消息框也会关闭。

Window owner = CreateAutoCloseWindow(dialogTimeout);
MessageBoxResult result = MessageBox.Show(owner, ...

到目前为止一切顺利。但是,如果 UI 线程被消息框阻塞并且无法从工作线程访问 UI 控件,我们如何关闭窗口呢?答案是 - 通过向所有者窗口句柄发送 WM_CLOSE 窗口消息:

Window CreateAutoCloseWindow(TimeSpan timeout)
{
    Window window = new Window()
    {
        WindowStyle = WindowStyle.None,
        WindowState = System.Windows.WindowState.Maximized,
        Background =  System.Windows.Media.Brushes.Transparent, 
        AllowsTransparency = true,
        ShowInTaskbar = false,
        ShowActivated = true,
        Topmost = true
    };

    window.Show();

    IntPtr handle = new WindowInteropHelper(window).Handle;

    Task.Delay((int)timeout.TotalMilliseconds).ContinueWith(
        t => NativeMethods.SendMessage(handle, 0x10 /*WM_CLOSE*/, IntPtr.Zero, IntPtr.Zero));

    return window;
}

这是 SendMessage Windows API 方法的导入:

static class NativeMethods
{
    [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
    public static extern IntPtr SendMessage(IntPtr hWnd, UInt32 Msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam);
}

10
投票
CodeProject 的

RogerB对此答案有最巧妙的解决方案之一,他早在 04 年就做到了,而且现在仍然很成功。

基本上,您转到他的项目并下载 CS 文件。万一该链接失效了,我在这里有一个备份gist。将 CS 文件添加到您的项目中,或者如果您愿意,可以将代码复制/粘贴到某处。

然后,你所要做的就是切换

DialogResult result = MessageBox.Show("Text","Title", MessageBoxButtons.CHOICE)

DialogResult result = MessageBoxEx.Show("Text","Title", MessageBoxButtons.CHOICE, timer_ms)

你就可以走了。


9
投票

您可以在

MessageBoxTimeout()
中使用
User32.dll

这是 Microsoft Windows 使用的一个未记录的函数,它完全可以满足您的需求,甚至更多。它还支持不同的语言。

C# 导入:

[DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
public static extern int MessageBoxTimeout(IntPtr hWnd, String lpText, String lpCaption, uint uType, Int16 wLanguageId, Int32 dwMilliseconds);

[DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
public static extern IntPtr GetForegroundWindow();

如何在C#中使用它:

uint uiFlags = /*MB_OK*/ 0x00000000 | /*MB_SETFOREGROUND*/  0x00010000 | /*MB_SYSTEMMODAL*/ 0x00001000 | /*MB_ICONEXCLAMATION*/ 0x00000030;

NativeFunctions.MessageBoxTimeout(NativeFunctions.GetForegroundWindow(), $"Kitty", $"Hello", uiFlags, 0, 5000);

更聪明地工作,而不是更努力地工作。


3
投票

我就是这样做的

var owner = new Form { TopMost = true };
Task.Delay(30000).ContinueWith(t => {
owner.Invoke(new Action(()=>
{
      if (!owner.IsDisposed)
      {
          owner.Close();
      }
   }));
});
var dialogRes =  MessageBox.Show(owner, msg, "Info", MessageBoxButtons.YesNo, MessageBoxIcon.Information);

2
投票

DMitryG 的“获取底层 MessageBox

 的返回值”的代码
有一个错误,因此 timerResult 永远不会真正正确返回(
MessageBox.Show
调用在
OnTimerElapsed
完成后返回)。我的修复如下:

public class TimedMessageBox {
    System.Threading.Timer _timeoutTimer;
    string _caption;
    DialogResult _result;
    DialogResult _timerResult;
    bool timedOut = false;

    TimedMessageBox(string text, string caption, int timeout, MessageBoxButtons buttons = MessageBoxButtons.OK, DialogResult timerResult = DialogResult.None)
    {
        _caption = caption;
        _timeoutTimer = new System.Threading.Timer(OnTimerElapsed,
            null, timeout, System.Threading.Timeout.Infinite);
        _timerResult = timerResult;
        using(_timeoutTimer)
            _result = MessageBox.Show(text, caption, buttons);
        if (timedOut) _result = _timerResult;
    }

    public static DialogResult Show(string text, string caption, int timeout, MessageBoxButtons buttons = MessageBoxButtons.OK, DialogResult timerResult = DialogResult.None) {
        return new TimedMessageBox(text, caption, timeout, buttons, timerResult)._result;
    }

    void OnTimerElapsed(object state) {
        IntPtr mbWnd = FindWindow("#32770", _caption); // lpClassName is #32770 for MessageBox
        if(mbWnd != IntPtr.Zero)
            SendMessage(mbWnd, WM_CLOSE, IntPtr.Zero, IntPtr.Zero);
        _timeoutTimer.Dispose();
        timedOut = true;
    }

    const int WM_CLOSE = 0x0010;
    [System.Runtime.InteropServices.DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true, CharSet = System.Runtime.InteropServices.CharSet.Auto)]
    static extern IntPtr FindWindow(string lpClassName, string lpWindowName);
    [System.Runtime.InteropServices.DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = System.Runtime.InteropServices.CharSet.Auto)]
    static extern IntPtr SendMessage(IntPtr hWnd, UInt32 Msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam);
}

1
投票

使用

EndDialog
而不是发送
WM_CLOSE
:

[DllImport("user32.dll")]
public static extern int EndDialog(IntPtr hDlg, IntPtr nResult);

1
投票

Vb.net 库有一个使用交互类的简单解决方案:

void MsgPopup(string text, string title, int secs = 3)
{
    dynamic intr = Microsoft.VisualBasic.Interaction.CreateObject("WScript.Shell");
    intr.Popup(text, secs, title);
}

bool MsgPopupYesNo(string text, string title, int secs = 3)
{
    dynamic intr = Microsoft.VisualBasic.Interaction.CreateObject("WScript.Shell");
    int answer = intr.Popup(text, secs, title, (int)Microsoft.VisualBasic.Constants.vbYesNo + (int)Microsoft.VisualBasic.Constants.vbQuestion);
    return (answer == 6);
}

1
投票

使用计时器并在消息框出现时开始。 如果您的 MessageBox 只监听 OK 按钮(只有 1 种可能性),则使用 OnTick-Event 来模拟 ESC-Press

SendKeys.Send("{ESC}");
,然后停止计时器。


还有一个可用的 codeproject 项目此处,它提供您所需的功能。


-1
投票

我的用例略有不同,因为我需要允许用户在另一个任务运行时取消该任务。因此,我制作了上面使用的 Form 方法的异步版本:

public static async Task<DialogResult?> ShowDialogAsync(string text, string caption, MessageBoxButtons buttons, MessageBoxIcon icon, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
    // Create a dummy form to parent the messagebox
    var form = new Form();

    // We'll need to dispose of the parent form to destroy the messagbeox
    Action disposeForm = () =>
    {
        if (!form.IsDisposed)
        {
            // Async tasks can resume on a different thread to the one they started on
            // so we might need to invoke this to prevent a cross-thread exception
            if (form.InvokeRequired)
            {
                form.BeginInvoke(new Action(() => form.Dispose()));
            }
            else
            {
                form.Dispose();
            }
        }
    };

    try
    {
        // subscribe to the cancellation and close/dispose of the form if cancellation is required
        using (var cancellationRegistration = cancellationToken.Register(() => disposeForm()))
        {
            var result = await Task.Run<DialogResult>(() => MessageBox.Show(form, text, caption, buttons, icon));

            // If cancellation is requested we return null, otherwise we return the result of the dialog
            if (cancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested)
            {
                return null;
            }
            return result;
        }
    }
    finally
    {
        // we always want to close/dispose the form
        disposeForm();
    }
}

定时取消的用途:

var cancellationTokenSource = new CancellationTokenSource(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2)); // timeout 2 seconds
DialogResult? result = await ShowDialogAsync("some text", "some title", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information);
if (result.HasValue)
{
    if (result == MessageBoxButtons.OK)
    {
        // do something
    }
}
else
{
    // the dialog timed out
}

我自己的用法:

private async void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    // I've got two cancellation token sources: one for the messagebox, one for the other task
    var cancellationTokenSource = new CancellationTokenSource();
    var otherTaskCancellationTokenSource = new CancellationTokenSource();

    // Show the dialog and also start the other task
    var dialogTask = ShowDialogAsync("The other task is running now.", "Title", MessageBoxButtons.OKCancel, MessageBoxIcon.Information, cancellationTokenSource.Token);
    var otherTask = OtherAsyncWork(otherTaskCancellationTokenSource.Token);

    try
    {
        // wait until either of the tasks complete (i.e. a button is pressed, or OtherAsyncWork completes)
        await Task.WhenAny(dialogTask, otherTask);
    }
    catch (OperationCanceledException)
    {
        // If otherTask got cancelled, we should get rid of the messagebox as it's not relevant anymore
        cancellationTokenSource.Cancel();
    }

    var result = await dialogTask;
    if (result.HasValue && result.Value == DialogResult.Cancel)
    {
        // The user selected cancel so we should cancel the other task
        otherTaskCancellationTokenSource.Cancel();
    }

    try
    {
        // Wait for the other task to complete
        await otherTask;
    }
    catch (OperationCanceledException)
    {
        MessageBox.Show("other task was cancelled.");
    }
}

// Dummy task with 10-second delay
public async Task OtherAsyncWork(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
    await Task.Delay(10000, cancellationToken);
    MessageBox.Show("other task completed.");
}

-1
投票

为了与利用

owner
ShowDialog
论点的答案保持一致,这个助手对我有用。

public class EphemeralParent : Form
{
    public EphemeralParent(TimeSpan timeout)
    {
        _ = Handle;
        Task
            .Delay(timeout)
            .GetAwaiter()
            .OnCompleted(()=>Dispose());
    }
}
使用方法
public partial class MainForm : Form
{
    public MainForm()
    {
        InitializeComponent();
        buttonShow.Click += (sender, e) =>
        {
            var result = MessageBox.Show(
                owner: new EphemeralParent(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2.5)),
                "Hello",
                "Auto Close",
                MessageBoxButtons.YesNoCancel);
            Text = result.ToString();
        };
    }
}

-3
投票

user32.dll 中有一个未记录的 API,名为 MessageBoxTimeout(),但它需要 Windows XP 或更高版本。

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