我正在尝试计算 Pauli 矩阵的复杂表达式的踪迹,它们是通过涉及导数 e 广泛交换器的过程获得的。但问题是我不确定如何将 Pauli 符号替换或转换为矩阵并计算表达式的迹,这只是一个例子:
import sympy as sp
from sympy.physics.quantum import TensorProduct as ts
from sympy.physics.paulialgebra import Pauli
x = Pauli(1)
y = Pauli(2)
z = Pauli(3)
Id = 1
a = sp.symbols(r'\alpha', real= True)
A = a*ts(x,y,z) + ts(Id,x,x)
A.trace()
我得到一个错误:
AttributeError: 'TensorProduct' object has no attribute 'trace'
.我怎样才能计算轨迹?