Email：MIME，与附件一起发送吗？

问题描述 投票：0回答：1

这真让我发疯。我一定想念一些愚蠢的东西。我有以下子：

sub send_email {

    use MIME::Lite;
    use MIME::Base64;
    use Encode;

    my $to = '[email protected]'; #$rec{'Email'};

    my $from = $admin_email;
    my $subject = "webform $html_title";
    my $html = "some test <b>message</b> foo bar test";
    my $text = "some test message some plain version";

    # $html = decode( 'utf-8', $html );
    # $text = decode( 'utf-8', $text );

    my ($status,$attach,$newfile);

    use Email::MIME;
    use Email::Address::XS;
    use Email::Sender::Simple qw(sendmail);
    use IO::All;
    use GT::MIMETypes;

# multipart message
    my @alternative_parts = (
        Email::MIME->create(
            body_str => $text,
            attributes => {
                encoding => 'quoted-printable',
                content_type => "text/plain",
                disposition  => "inline",
                charset      => "UTF-8",
            }
        ),
        Email::MIME->create(
            body_str => $html,
            attributes => {
                encoding => 'quoted-printable',
                charset  => "UTF-8",
                content_type => "text/html",
                disposition  => "inline",
            }
        )
    );

    my @attachment_parts;

    my $attach = "/path/to/file/tables.cgi";

    if ($attach) {

        my $filename = (reverse split /\//, $attach)[0]; # also change
+d in body => below
        my $content;

        my $mime = GT::MIMETypes::guess_type($filename);

        push @parts, Email::MIME->create(
            attributes => {
                filename     => $filename,
                content_type => $mime,
                encoding     => "base64",
                name         => $filename,
                attachment   => "attachment"
            },
            body => io( $attach )->binary->all,
        )
    }

    my $email = Email::MIME->create(
        header_str => [
            From => $from,
            To => [ $to ],
            Subject => $subject
        ],
        parts => \@parts,
        attributes => {
            encoding => 'base64',
            charset  => "UTF-8",
            content_type => "multipart/multipart",
            #disposition  => "inline",
        }
    );

    sendmail($email->as_string);

    print "EMAIL: " . $email->as_string. "\n\n"; # print for andy

}

它需要做的是包括电子邮件的纯文本和HTML正文。然后，还附加了一个文件（仅用于测试的.cgi：））。

尽管电子邮件在Gmail上运行正常，但在Outlook / Thunderbird上却麻烦很多。我感觉到了我分解“零件”的方式。根据我的理解，您需要一个“主体”主体部分，可以将其拆分为纯文本和HTML版本-然后将附件作为主体“部分”的另一部分。我不太确定该如何实现？

这是“ debug_structure”的显示方式：

Structure: + multipart/multipart; boundary="15846317930.c94ff7.26547"
     + text/plain; charset="UTF-8"
     + text/html; charset="UTF-8"
     + text/plain; attachment="attachment"; name="tables.cgi"

UPDATE：如所建议的，我现在正在尝试嵌套部分：

# multipart message
    my @message_parts = (
        Email::MIME->create(
            body_str => $text,
            attributes => {
                encoding => 'quoted-printable',
                content_type => "text/plain",
                disposition  => "inline",
                charset      => "UTF-8",
            }
        ),
        Email::MIME->create(
            body_str => $html,
            attributes => {
                encoding => 'quoted-printable',
                charset  => "UTF-8",
                content_type => "text/html",
                disposition  => "inline",
            }
        )
    );


    my @all_parts;
    push @all_parts, Email::MIME->create(
        parts => [\@message_parts], # add all the message parts into here...
        attributes => {
            content_type => "multipart/alternative"
        }
    );


    my $attach = "/home/user/web/public_html/cgi-bin/admin/tables.cgi";

    if ($attach) {

        my $filename = (reverse split /\//, $attach)[0]; # also changed in body => below

        # better to use GT::MIMETypes if you have it with Fileman (pretty sure you do?)
        my $mime = GT::MIMETypes::guess_type($filename);

        push @all_parts, Email::MIME->create(
            attributes => {
                filename     => $filename,
                content_type => $mime,
                encoding     => "base64",
                name         => $filename
            },
            body => io( $attach )->binary->all,
        )
    }


    my $email = Email::MIME->create(
        header_str => [
            From => $from,
            To => [ $to ],
            Subject => $subject
        ],
        parts => [\@all_parts],
        attributes => {
            encoding => 'base64',
            content_type => "multipart/mixed"
        }
    );

    print qq|Structure: | . $email->debug_structure. "\n\n";

但出现错误：

无法在以下位置通过未引用的引用调用方法“ as_string”/usr/local/share/perl/5.22.1/Email/MIME.pm第771行。

771行位于Email :: MIME的parts_set中-所以我必须做一些错误的设置？

更新2：感谢史蒂芬（Steffen）的帮助！这是具有正确结构的最终工作代码：

use Email::MIME;
use Email::Address::XS;
use Email::Sender::Simple qw(sendmail);
use IO::All;
use GT::MIMETypes;

my $to = '[email protected]'; #$rec{'Email'};

my $from = $admin_email;
my $subject = "some title";
my $html = "some test <b>message</b> foo bar test";
my $text = "some test message some plain version";
$html = decode( 'utf-8', $html );
$text = decode( 'utf-8', $text );

# multipart message
my @message_parts = (
    Email::MIME->create(
        body_str => $text,
        attributes => {
            encoding => 'quoted-printable',
            content_type => "text/plain",
            disposition  => "inline",
            charset      => "UTF-8",
        }
    ),
    Email::MIME->create(
        body_str => $html,
        attributes => {
            encoding => 'quoted-printable',
            charset  => "UTF-8",
            content_type => "text/html",
            disposition  => "inline",
        }
    )
);


my @all_parts;
push @all_parts, Email::MIME->create(
    parts => \@message_parts, # add all the message parts into here...
    attributes => {
        content_type => "multipart/alternative"
    }
);


my $attach = "/home/user/web/foo.co.uk/public_html/cgi-bin/admin/tables.cgi";

if ($attach) {

    my $filename = (reverse split /\//, $attach)[0]; # also changed in body => below

    # better to use GT::MIMETypes if you have it with Fileman (pretty sure you do?)
    my $mime = "plain/text";  # hard coded in this example, but you want to set the correct type for the attachment type

    push @all_parts, Email::MIME->create(
        attributes => {
            filename     => $filename,
            content_type => $mime,
            encoding     => "base64",
            name         => $filename
        },
        body => io( $attach )->binary->all,
    )
}


my $email = Email::MIME->create(
    header_str => [
        From => $from,
        To => [ $to ],
        Subject => $subject
    ],
    parts => \@all_parts,
    attributes => {
        encoding => 'base64',
        content_type => "multipart/mixed"
    }
);

print qq|Structure: | . $email->debug_structure. "\n\n";

sendmail($email->as_string);

结构现在正确显示为：

Structure: + multipart/mixed; boundary="15846944601.d6aF.12245"
     + multipart/alternative; boundary="15846944600.d79D2A2.12245"
          + text/plain; charset="UTF-8"
          + text/html; charset="UTF-8"
     + text/plain; name="tables.cgi"
perl email mime
1个回答
3
投票

没有您使用的multipart/multipart之类的东西。您的邮件应改为以下结构：

 multipart/mixed
 |- multipart/alternative   << mail client will choose which of the parts to display
 |  | text/plain            << the mail as plain text
 |  | text/html             << the mail as HTML
 |- text/plain              << the attachment

对于附件，选择一个更好地匹配附件类型的content-type可能会有用。如果附件实际上是纯文本，则text/plain可能很好，但是如果它是图像，办公文档，档案文件，则应使用其他content-type。

除此以外，encoding或charset或disposition在多部分定义中都没有任何意义。这些仅与最终零件（text/plain等）有关，与容器零件（multipart/whatever）无关。

    attributes => {
        encoding => 'base64',
        charset  => "UTF-8",
        content_type => "multipart/multipart",
        #disposition  => "inline",
    }
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