np.vstack和np.hstack如何在Python中工作?

问题描述 投票:0回答:1

我不明白为什么要使用np.hstack来调整矢量y

y_combined=np.hstack((y_train, y_test))

而不是np.vstack。使用np.vstack

时出现错误

ValueError:all the input array dimensions for the concatenation axis must match exactly, but along dimension 1, the array at index 0 has size 105 and the array at index 1 has size 45

但是当我使用np.hstack时我没有收到该错误,为什么会发生这种情况?

iris = datasets.load_iris()
X=iris.data[:,[2,3]]
y=iris.target

X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test= train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.3, random_state=1, stratify=y)
sc= StandardScaler()
sc.fit(X_train)
X_train_std=sc.transform(X_train)
X_test_std= sc.transform(X_test)

ppn= Perceptron( max_iter=40,eta0= 0.1, random_state=1)
ppn.fit(X_train_std, y_train)

y_pred= ppn.predict(X_test_std)
def plot_decision_regions(X, y, classifier,test_idx=None, resolution = 0.02):
    markers = ('s', 'x', 'o', '^','v')
    colors = ('red', 'blue', 'lightgreen', 'gray', 'cyan')
    cmap = ListedColormap(colors[:len(np.unique(y))])

    x1_min, x1_max = X[:, 0].min() -1, X[:,0].max() + 1
    x2_min, x2_max = X[:, 1].min() -1, X[:,1].max() + 1
    xx1, xx2= np.meshgrid (np.arange(x1_min, x1_max, resolution), np.arange(x2_min, x2_max, resolution))
    Z = classifier.predict(np.array([xx1.ravel(), xx2.ravel()]).T)
    Z = Z.reshape(xx1.shape)
    plt.contourf(xx1, xx2, Z, alpha= 0.3, cmap = cmap)
    plt.xlim(xx1.min(), xx1.max())
    plt.ylim(xx2.min(), xx2.max())


    for idx, cl in enumerate (np.unique(y)):
        plt.scatter (x=X[y == cl, 0], y= X[y == cl, 1], alpha=0.8, c=colors[idx], marker= markers [idx], label = cl, edgecolor = 'black')

    if test_idx:
        X_test, y_test= X[test_idx,:], y[test_idx]


        plt.scatter(X_test[:,0], X_test[:,1], c='', edgecolor= 'black', alpha= 0.9, linewidth=1, marker='o', s=100, label='test set' )


X_combined_std= np.vstack((X_train_std, X_test_std))
y_combined=np.hstack((y_train, y_test))
plot_decision_regions(X=X_combined_std, y=y_combined, classifier=ppn, test_idx=range(105,150))
plt.xlabel('sepal length [standardized]')
plt.ylabel('petal length [standardized]')
plt.legend(loc='upper left')
plt.show()
python numpy numpy-ndarray
1个回答
0
投票

假设我们有两个形状分别为(2, 3)的数组,例如:

a = np.array([[11, 12, 13], [14, 15, 16]])
b = np.array([[17, 18, 19], [20, 21, 22]])

hstack()vstack()都将堆叠两个数组,但沿着不同的维度:

np.vstack((a, b))
# array([[11, 12, 13],
#        [14, 15, 16],
#        [17, 18, 19],
#        [20, 21, 22]])

np.hstack((a, b))
# array([[11, 12, 13, 17, 18, 19],
#        [14, 15, 16, 20, 21, 22]])

现在您可以同时执行hstack()vstack(),因为ab确实具有相同的形状,但是如果形状不相同,形状的条件是什么?

对于vstack,第二个维度(索引1)必须匹配,而对于hstack,它是第一个维度(索引0)必须匹配。您得到的错误正是在告诉您。

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