Tomcat嵌入式项目在Eclipse中运行但是因为Runnable Jar而失败

问题描述 投票：0回答：1

目标是在一个包含Tomcat Embedded的独立可执行jar中的webapp。 它在Eclipse中没有任何问题地构建和运行完美。然后，在将项目导出为“Runnable Jar”文件并尝试使用java -jar filename.jar从cmd控制台运行它之后，它会失败，并出现许多错误。

它只是一个文件。这是代码：

package test.example.tomcat;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;

import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.apache.catalina.Context;
import org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException;
import org.apache.catalina.startup.Tomcat;


public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        // URL in browser would be:
        // localhost:8080/tce/
         try {
            new Main().start();
        } catch (MalformedURLException | ServletException | LifecycleException e) {
            System.out.println("Error: Setting up Tomcat failed.\n"+e.getMessage());
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    public void start() throws ServletException, LifecycleException, MalformedURLException {

    Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();
    // set port
    String webPort = System.getenv("PORT");
    if(webPort == null || webPort.isEmpty()) {
        webPort = "8080";
    }
    tomcat.setPort(Integer.valueOf(webPort));

    // detrmine webapp local path
    String webappDirLocation = "WebContent/";
    // detrmine context path
    String contextPath = "/tce";
    // detrmine base directory for files
    String docBase = new File(webappDirLocation).getAbsolutePath();
    // detrmine servlet name
    String servletName = "TcEEx";
    // detrmine root url path
    String urlPattern = "/";

    // create a very basic servlet
    HttpServlet servlet = new HttpServlet() {

        private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

        @Override
        public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
            System.out.println("Gooooooooooooooooood Morning!");                
        }

        @Override
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
                throws ServletException, IOException {
            PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter();

            writer.println("<html><title>Welcome</title><body>");
            writer.println("<h1>Have a Great Day!</h1>");
            writer.println("</body></html>");
        }
    };

    // set server base directory
    tomcat.setBaseDir(System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir"));
    // instantiate context
    Context ctx = tomcat.addContext(contextPath, docBase);
    // add regular servlet
    tomcat.addServlet(contextPath, servletName, servlet);
    // map servlet
    ctx.addServletMappingDecoded(urlPattern, servletName);
    // get the default HTTP connector
    tomcat.getConnector();

    // start server
    try {
        tomcat.start();
    } catch (LifecycleException e) {
        System.out.println("Error: Starting Tomcat failed."+e.getMessage());
        e.printStackTrace();
      }
    tomcat.getServer().await();
    }

}

控制台输出：

Feb 17, 2019 10:53:20 AM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol init
INFO: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
Feb 17, 2019 10:53:20 AM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService startInternal
INFO: Starting service [Tomcat]
Feb 17, 2019 10:53:20 AM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine startInternal
INFO: Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.16]
Feb 17, 2019 10:53:20 AM org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase startInternal
SEVERE: A child container failed during start
java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to initialize component [org.apache.catalina.webresources.StandardRoot@4fb64261]
        at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.report(Unknown Source)
        at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:909)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.startInternal(StandardHost.java:831)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1377)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1367)
        at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.InlineExecutorService.execute(InlineExecutorService.java:75)
        at java.util.concurrent.AbstractExecutorService.submit(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:902)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal(StandardEngine.java:262)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal(StandardService.java:423)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.startInternal(StandardServer.java:928)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.Tomcat.start(Tomcat.java:455)
        at test.example.tomcat.Main.start(Main.java:98)
        at test.example.tomcat.Main.main(Main.java:26)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
        at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.jarinjarloader.JarRsrcLoader.main(JarRsrcLoader.java:58)
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to initialize component [org.apache.catalina.webresources.StandardRoot@4fb64261]
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.handleSubClassException(LifecycleBase.java:441)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.init(LifecycleBase.java:139)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:173)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.resourcesStart(StandardContext.java:4783)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:4918)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1377)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1367)
        at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.InlineExecutorService.execute(InlineExecutorService.java:75)
        at java.util.concurrent.AbstractExecutorService.submit(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:902)
        ... 22 more
Caused by: java.lang.Error: factory already defined
        at java.net.URL.setURLStreamHandlerFactory(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.catalina.webresources.TomcatURLStreamHandlerFactory.<init>(TomcatURLStreamHandlerFactory.java:130)
        at org.apache.catalina.webresources.TomcatURLStreamHandlerFactory.getInstanceInternal(TomcatURLStreamHandlerFactory.java:53)
        at org.apache.catalina.webresources.TomcatURLStreamHandlerFactory.register(TomcatURLStreamHandlerFactory.java:77)
        at org.apache.catalina.webresources.StandardRoot.registerURLStreamHandlerFactory(StandardRoot.java:699)
        at org.apache.catalina.webresources.StandardRoot.initInternal(StandardRoot.java:682)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.init(LifecycleBase.java:136)
        ... 32 more

Feb 17, 2019 10:53:20 AM org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase startInternal
SEVERE: A child container failed during start
java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: A child container failed during start
        at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.report(Unknown Source)
        at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:909)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal(StandardEngine.java:262)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal(StandardService.java:423)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.startInternal(StandardServer.java:928)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.Tomcat.start(Tomcat.java:455)
        at test.example.tomcat.Main.start(Main.java:98)
        at test.example.tomcat.Main.main(Main.java:26)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
        at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.jarinjarloader.JarRsrcLoader.main(JarRsrcLoader.java:58)
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: A child container failed during start
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:921)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.startInternal(StandardHost.java:831)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1377)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1367)
        at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.InlineExecutorService.execute(InlineExecutorService.java:75)
        at java.util.concurrent.AbstractExecutorService.submit(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:902)
        ... 14 more
Caused by: java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to initialize component [org.apache.catalina.webresources.StandardRoot@4fb64261]
        at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.report(Unknown Source)
        at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:909)
        ... 22 more
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to initialize component [org.apache.catalina.webresources.StandardRoot@4fb64261]
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.handleSubClassException(LifecycleBase.java:441)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.init(LifecycleBase.java:139)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:173)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.resourcesStart(StandardContext.java:4783)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:4918)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1377)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1367)
        at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.InlineExecutorService.execute(InlineExecutorService.java:75)
        at java.util.concurrent.AbstractExecutorService.submit(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:902)
        ... 22 more
Caused by: java.lang.Error: factory already defined
        at java.net.URL.setURLStreamHandlerFactory(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.catalina.webresources.TomcatURLStreamHandlerFactory.<init>(TomcatURLStreamHandlerFactory.java:130)
        at org.apache.catalina.webresources.TomcatURLStreamHandlerFactory.getInstanceInternal(TomcatURLStreamHandlerFactory.java:53)
        at org.apache.catalina.webresources.TomcatURLStreamHandlerFactory.register(TomcatURLStreamHandlerFactory.java:77)
        at org.apache.catalina.webresources.StandardRoot.registerURLStreamHandlerFactory(StandardRoot.java:699)
        at org.apache.catalina.webresources.StandardRoot.initInternal(StandardRoot.java:682)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.init(LifecycleBase.java:136)
        ... 32 more

Error: Starting Tomcat failed.A child container failed during start
org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: A child container failed during start
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:921)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal(StandardEngine.java:262)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal(StandardService.java:423)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.startInternal(StandardServer.java:928)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.Tomcat.start(Tomcat.java:455)
        at test.example.tomcat.Main.start(Main.java:98)
        at test.example.tomcat.Main.main(Main.java:26)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
        at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.jarinjarloader.JarRsrcLoader.main(JarRsrcLoader.java:58)
Caused by: java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: A child container failed during start
        at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.report(Unknown Source)
        at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:909)
        ... 14 more
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: A child container failed during start
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:921)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.startInternal(StandardHost.java:831)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1377)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1367)
        at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.InlineExecutorService.execute(InlineExecutorService.java:75)
        at java.util.concurrent.AbstractExecutorService.submit(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:902)
        ... 14 more
Caused by: java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to initialize component [org.apache.catalina.webresources.StandardRoot@4fb64261]
        at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.report(Unknown Source)
        at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:909)
        ... 22 more
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to initialize component [org.apache.catalina.webresources.StandardRoot@4fb64261]
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.handleSubClassException(LifecycleBase.java:441)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.init(LifecycleBase.java:139)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:173)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.resourcesStart(StandardContext.java:4783)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:4918)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1377)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1367)
        at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.InlineExecutorService.execute(InlineExecutorService.java:75)
        at java.util.concurrent.AbstractExecutorService.submit(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:902)
        ... 22 more
Caused by: java.lang.Error: factory already defined
        at java.net.URL.setURLStreamHandlerFactory(Unknown Source)
        at org.apache.catalina.webresources.TomcatURLStreamHandlerFactory.<init>(TomcatURLStreamHandlerFactory.java:130)
        at org.apache.catalina.webresources.TomcatURLStreamHandlerFactory.getInstanceInternal(TomcatURLStreamHandlerFactory.java:53)
        at org.apache.catalina.webresources.TomcatURLStreamHandlerFactory.register(TomcatURLStreamHandlerFactory.java:77)
        at org.apache.catalina.webresources.StandardRoot.registerURLStreamHandlerFactory(StandardRoot.java:699)
        at org.apache.catalina.webresources.StandardRoot.initInternal(StandardRoot.java:682)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.init(LifecycleBase.java:136)
        ... 32 more

相关细节：

  • Apache Tomcat 9.0.16 Embedded
  • Tomcat的jar在Classpath（Java Build Path）中
  • Eclipse Oxygen.3a 4.7.3a
  • Webapp作为动态Web项目创建
  • 不使用maven / gradle等没有像Spring这样的框架。手动完成。
  • Java 1.8.201
  • Win7的/ 64

在对stackoverflow / google及其建议/答案的类似问题进行研究之后，以下是一些未能（或排除）解决此问题的对帐尝试：

  • 导出前清洁/重建项目..
  • 已经验证的Tomcat罐子包含在我的罐子里。
  • 确保端口是免费的。
  • 重新下载Jars
  • 在Eclipse可执行jar对话框中尝试三个库处理选项中的每一个
  • 将项目重新创建为Java项目而不是动态Web应用程序（这实际上使项目无法在Eclipse中运行）。
tomcat executable-jar
1个回答
0
投票

好吧，我自己解决了这个问题，所以我会保留这个问题并自己回答，因为这是一个非常简单且很好的代码示例，适用于最新的工作Web应用程序，截至目前，Tomcat嵌入式可轻松打包成自我包含和可执行jar和所有没有任何第三方jar /胖罐包装工具或包自动化工具。我希望有人留下这个帖子给我这个解决方案。本来可以省下这么多时间和精力。

所以这是错的： 第一步 从原始问题的控制台输出中可以看出，类和方法之间存在一些冲突。发生这种情况是因为当项目由Eclipse导出到可运行的jar文件中时选择了错误的选项。 有3种选择：

  • 将所需的库提取到生成的JAR中
  • 将所需的库打包到生成的JAR中
  • 将所需的库复制到生成的JAR旁边的子文件夹中

选择了第二个，但随后发生了这些碰撞。在选择第一个选项时，这些碰撞不会发生。

第二步 但是由于缺少预期与jar相同路径的WebContent目录，它仍然无法运行。因此，快速解决方案，只是为了证明它与那里的目录（当然不适用于生产）一起工作，就是在程序首次启动时创建它 新文件（“./ WebContent”）。mkdirs（）; 例如在主要方法或其使用之前的任何地方。

编辑 唯一需要注意的是，由于此选项提取依赖项jar并使用相同供应商+项目的原始依赖项jar重新打包它们，因此具有相同的域并将混合，这在将来添加多个jar时也会导致文件名冲突。因此，我仍然愿意接受更好的答案而不太依赖第三方工具的人。如果主jar可以将其他依赖项保存为jar而不是提取，那将是很好的。尽管具有相同路径的情况，但是不允许依赖文件混合的另一种方式也是不错的。

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