在 .svg xml 中按 ID 选择元素

Question

我使用 Inkscape 生成一个

.svg

图像（这是一个 xml 文件）。我将节点的 ID 设置为“mount-arm-r”。我想从该元素读取属性“x”、“y”。我似乎无法选择

rect

元素。

python：我尝试过 XPath，或者手动一次一个深度。我想我想要：

def parse_xml():
    tree = ElementTree()
    tree.parse("torso-human.svg")                        
    for node in tree.findall('.//rect'): print 'n=', node

xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!-- Created with Inkscape (http://www.inkscape.org/) -->

<svg
   xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
   xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#"
   xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
   xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
   xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
   xmlns:sodipodi="http://sodipodi.sourceforge.net/DTD/sodipodi-0.dtd"
   xmlns:inkscape="http://www.inkscape.org/namespaces/inkscape"
   width="125.39109"
   height="217.70497"
   id="svg3136"
   version="1.1"
   inkscape:version="0.48.1 "
   sodipodi:docname="torso-human.svg">
  <defs
     id="defs3138" />
  <sodipodi:namedview
     id="base"
     pagecolor="#ffffff"
     bordercolor="#666666"
     borderopacity="1.0"
     inkscape:pageopacity="0.0"
     inkscape:pageshadow="2"
     inkscape:zoom="0.7"
     inkscape:cx="134.17406"
     inkscape:cy="65.046531"
     inkscape:document-units="px"
     inkscape:current-layer="layer1"
     showgrid="false"
     fit-margin-top="0"
     fit-margin-left="0"
     fit-margin-right="0"
     fit-margin-bottom="0"
     inkscape:window-width="678"
     inkscape:window-height="714"
     inkscape:window-x="149"
     inkscape:window-y="198"
     inkscape:window-maximized="0" />
  <metadata
     id="metadata3141">
    <rdf:RDF>
      <cc:Work
         rdf:about="">
        <dc:format>image/svg+xml</dc:format>
        <dc:type
           rdf:resource="http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage" />
        <dc:title></dc:title>
      </cc:Work>
    </rdf:RDF>
  </metadata>
  <g
     inkscape:label="Layer 1"
     inkscape:groupmode="layer"
     id="layer1"
     transform="translate(-94.4375,-394.94334)">
    <path
       style="fill:#f7b42a;fill-opacity:1;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:6;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"
       d="m 123.77824,405.89569 c 10.24991,-3.38432 20.79684,-5.42837 31.38251,-7.00357 10.08459,-3.35769 18.78867,2.77879 26.91852,7.6971 11.31402,4.36385 16.77569,16.06584 23.028,25.60256 4.24045,8.35939 4.95844,18.18912 6.47883,27.32923 0.81646,12.84443 3.26716,25.52723 3.78171,38.41123 0.89978,12.5961 -0.39774,25.23801 1.24629,37.81448 1.02427,12.22291 -1.40473,24.93719 -8.43715,35.07825 -7.47966,16.13252 -19.54923,31.09303 -36.14012,38.36243 -9.64999,2.44233 -17.82857,-5.59005 -27.35583,-5.23341 -14.78262,-5.55 -28.81674,-15.655 -35.88284,-30.0959 -5.41188,-15.13741 -10.887811,-30.71753 -11.350781,-46.928 3.049751,-10.81513 3.565751,-21.8035 1.94578,-33.0368 1.513801,-9.31727 -2.45929,-18.6844 -0.0771,-27.86458 4.302571,-16.70927 8.728671,-33.70461 17.388141,-48.73973 2.49669,-3.69472 5.83731,-6.99007 7.074,-11.39329 z"
       id="path3757"
       inkscape:connector-curvature="0" />
    <rect
       style="fill:#ff0000;fill-opacity:1;stroke:#aa0000;stroke-width:2.06586957;stroke-linecap:square;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"
       id="mount-arm-r"
       width="24.593687"
       height="4.9187374"
       x="279.40387"
       y="403.92834"
       transform="matrix(0.96592583,0.25881905,-0.25881905,0.96592583,0,0)"
       ry="1.8705337" />
    <rect
       ry="2.0732613"
       transform="matrix(0.14071606,0.99004999,-0.99004999,0.14071606,0,0)"
       y="-109.61398"
       x="607.01672"
       height="5.4518275"
       width="27.259138"
       id="mount-leg-l"
       style="fill:#ff0000;fill-opacity:1;stroke:#aa0000;stroke-width:2.2897675;stroke-linecap:square;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"
       inkscape:transform-center-x="-10.607363"
       inkscape:transform-center-y="-7.3172785" />
    <rect
       inkscape:transform-center-y="-4.1491271"
       inkscape:transform-center-x="-9.047332"
       style="fill:#ff0000;fill-opacity:1;stroke:#aa0000;stroke-width:1.76860404;stroke-linecap:square;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"
       id="mount-leg-r"
       width="21.05481"
       height="4.2109618"
       x="585.27789"
       y="-149.50224"
       transform="matrix(-0.03269097,0.99946551,-0.99946551,-0.03269097,0,0)"
       ry="1.6013756" />
  </g>
</svg>

Answer 1

您忘记了 SVG 命名空间，它是在根元素 (

xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"

) 上声明的。因此，你想要这样的东西：

SVG_NS = "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"

def parse_xml():
    tree = ElementTree()
    tree.parse("torso-human.svg")                        
    for node in tree.findall('.//{%s}rect' % SVG_NS):
        print 'n=', node

请参阅 http://effbot.org/zone/element-namespaces.htm 了解更多详细信息。

Answer 2

或使用通配符语法

'{*}'

在任何命名空间、任何地方进行搜索。

tree.findall('.//{*}rect')

def parse_xml():
    tree = ElementTree()
    tree.parse("torso-human.svg")                        
    for node in tree.findall('.//{*}rect'): 
        print('n=', node)