NoMethodError：创建新会话并传递会话参数时，nil:NilClass 的未定义方法“[]”

Question

当我收到堆栈溢出的建议时，我正在集成测试文件中进行功能测试，但是当我创建用户登录测试会话时，我收到以下错误：

Finished tests in 0.273092s, 3.6618 tests/s, 0.0000 assertions/s.

  1) Error:
ListCategoriesTest#test_should_create_category:
NoMethodError: undefined method `[]' for nil:NilClass
    app/controllers/session_controller.rb:8:in `create'
    test/test_helper.rb:16:in `sign_in_as'
    test/integration/list_categories_test.rb:20:in `block in <class:ListCategoriesTest>'
ruby

请在集成文件夹下找到我的集成文件（list_categories.rb）：

ruby
require 'test_helper'

class ListCategoriesTest < ActionDispatch::IntegrationTest
  # test "the truth" do
  #   assert true
  # end
  def setup
    @category=Category.create(name: "Sports")
    # @category2=Category.create(name: "Politics")
    @admin_user = User.create(username: "fardeen", email: "[email protected]", password: "fardeen",                        admin: true)
  end

 #      test "Should show categories listing" do
 #          get '/categories'
 #     assert_select "a[href]", category_path(@category) ,{text: @category.name}
 #     assert_select "a[href]", category_path(@category2),{text: @category2.name}
    # end

    test "should create category" do
      sign_in_as(@admin_user)
      assert_difference('Category.count',1) do
      post :create, category: { name:"Travel" }
    end

    assert_redirected_to category_path(Category.last)
  end
end

为了登录特定用户，我已将登录编写为测试辅助函数中的代码：

ruby
ENV["RAILS_ENV"] ||= "test"
require File.expand_path('../../config/environment', __FILE__)
require 'rails/test_help'

class ActiveSupport::TestCase
  ActiveRecord::Migration.check_pending!

  # Setup all fixtures in test/fixtures/*.yml for all tests in alphabetical order.
  #
  # Note: You'll currently still have to declare fixtures explicitly in integration tests
  # -- they do not yet inherit this setting
  fixtures :all

  # Add more helper methods to be used by all tests here...
  def sign_in_as(user)
    post login_path, params:{ session:{"email"=> user.email, "password"=> "fardeen"} }
  end
end

这是我的会话控制器（会话不是会话）

ruby
class SessionController < ApplicationController

  def new
    render 'new'
  end

  def create
    user=User.find_by(email: params[:session][:email].downcase)
    if user and user.authenticate(params[:session][:password])
        flash[:info]="You have been successfully logged in!!!"
        session[:user_id]=user.id
        redirect_to user
    else
        flash[:notice]="Invalid Creds!!!"
        render 'new'
    end
  end

  def destroy
    session[:user_id]=nil
    flash[:info]="You have been logged out!!!"
    redirect_to users_path
  end

end

我不明白为什么它传递 nil 参数或者为什么会话哈希没有通过 post 请求？

我尝试过各种形式来发送参数，例如：

ruby
post login_path, "session"=>{"email"=> user.email, "password"=> "fardeen"} 

或

ruby
post login_path, params:{}, session:{"email"=> user.email, "password"=> "fardeen"} 

但他们都不起作用，有些人提出了这样的错误

ruby
  1) Error:
ListCategoriesTest#test_should_create_category:
ArgumentError: bad argument (expected URI object or URI string)
    test/integration/list_categories_test.rb:22:in `block (2 levels) in <class:ListCategoriesTest>'
    test/integration/list_categories_test.rb:21:in `block in <class:ListCategoriesTest>'

ruby

ListCategoriesTest: test_should_create_category
-----------------------------------------------
  [1m[36m (1.0ms)[0m  [1mSAVEPOINT active_record_1[0m
  [1m[35mCategory Exists (0.0ms)[0m  SELECT 1 AS one FROM "categories" WHERE "categories"."name" = 'Sports' LIMIT 1
  [1m[36mSQL (28.1ms)[0m  [1mINSERT INTO "categories" ("created_at", "name", "updated_at") VALUES (?, ?, ?)[0m  [["created_at", Sat, 19 Aug 2023 15:30:44 UTC +00:00], ["name", "Sports"], ["updated_at", Sat, 19 Aug 2023 15:30:44 UTC +00:00]]
  [1m[35m (0.0ms)[0m  RELEASE SAVEPOINT active_record_1
  [1m[36m (0.0ms)[0m  [1mSAVEPOINT active_record_1[0m
  [1m[35m (0.0ms)[0m  ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT active_record_1
Started POST "/login" for 127.0.0.1 at 2023-08-19 21:00:44 +0530
Processing by SessionController#create as HTML
  Parameters: {"params"=>{"session"=>{"email"=>"[email protected]", "password"=>"[FILTERED]"}}}
Completed 500 Internal Server Error in 41ms
  [1m[36m (3.0ms)[0m  [1mrollback transaction[0m

Answer 1

Ruby on Rails 4.0 对

post

方法使用了不同的语法。而不是

def sign_in_as(user)
  post login_path, params:{ session:{"email"=> user.email, "password"=> "fardeen"} }
end

使用

def sign_in_as(user)
  post login_path, { session: { email: user.email, password: "fardeen" } }
end

顺便说一句：Ruby on Rails 4.0 已经有 9 年多了，并于 6 年前达到了生命周期的终点。我强烈建议您将 Rails 版本更新到当前版本，以避免安全问题，以便能够遵循当前的文档、文章和教程，并能够使用当前的 gem。