Android应用程序启动过程

问题描述 投票:6回答:3

我正在搜索一些有关如何在Android上启动应用程序的信息。我想让人们发现信息使合子和fork()结合起来。您知道一些有用的网站或书籍吗?

android launch
3个回答
16
投票

我写了两部分的系列文章,在我的博客上解释了Android应用程序的启动过程-

http://multi-core-dump.blogspot.com/2010/04/android-application-launch.html

http://multi-core-dump.blogspot.com/2010/04/android-application-launch-part-2.html

我希望您会发现它有用。


2
投票

this演示中有一个很好的解释。它用韩语部分编写,但大部分信息用英语编写。


0
投票

这是一个简洁的方法(该过程非常复杂,因此简洁的方法不会太短),但基于AOSP 9.0.0的准确答案。

每个Android Java进程都是从Zygote分叉的,所以首先是Zygote的启动方式。

init进程是linux中的第一个进程,它启动可执行文件“ app_process”,其内部为:

(entry point of app_process)int main
    ->void AndroidRuntime::start
        startVm    //start Java VM
        startReg    //register common native functions
        //call java method ZygoteInit.main from native code
        env->CallStaticVoidMethod  

这是最重要的java方法:ZygoteInit.main,我们从上面的本地代码“ env-> CallStaticVoidMethod”中获得。

这也是在主Activity的onCreate中设置断点并开始调试应用程序并在其中中断时,调用堆栈中的第一个方法。但是实际上您的应用程序永远不会到达ZygoteInit.main的开头],它仅在app_process(或说Zygote)中从头开始执行。

//Java code
->ZygoteInit.main  
    //Android application never get here(the beginning)
    //start system server process which contains AMS/WMS,etc
    forkSystemServer  

    //for Zygote, runSelectLoop never return
    //for Android application, runSelectLoop returns a Runnable 
    //whose run() method will just execute ActivityThread.main 
    //which is considered as the real main entry of Android application
    //since it contains the message loop
    caller = zygoteServer.runSelectLoop
    ->zygoteServer.runSelectLoop
        //this is the main loop of Zygote who is a 
        //server that receive process-creating requests
        //from client processes and fork them
        loop forever

            //Zygote wait here for other process's requests to start new Java process
            Os.poll(pollFds, -1);

            //after wake up upon requests arrive, process the request
            final Runnable command = connection.processOneCommand(this);
            ->ZygoteConnection.processOneCommand
                 read and parse process-start request command from client process

                 //the native linux fork() is executed in this methdod
                 //after it returns, we can decide which process we are in 
                 //from pid's value just like the native fork()
                 pid = Zygote.forkAndSpecialize

                 //if in child                        
                 return handleChildProc
                 ->ZygoteConnection.handleChildProc
                     return ZygoteInit.zygoteInit
                     ->ZygoteInit.zygoteInit
                         RuntimeInit.commonInit();
                         ZygoteInit.nativeZygoteInit();//JNI method
                             //native code
                             ->AppRuntime::onZygoteInit()
                                 sp<ProcessState> proc = ProcessState::self();
                                 //starting thread pool which contains binder threads
                                 proc->startThreadPool();
                         return RuntimeInit.applicationInit
                         ->RuntimeInit.applicationInit
                             return findStaticMain
                             ->RuntimeInit.findStaticMain
                                 //MethodAndArgsCaller is a Runnable, 
                                 //whose run() is constructed so that 
                                 //it just call ActivityThread.main()
                                 //it is ActivityThread since there is a string parameter 
                                 //whose content is "android.app.ActivityThread" from the client process's request
                                 return new MethodAndArgsCaller
                 //if in parent process i.e. Zygote
                 return null

            //if in forked child process
            return command;
            //if in parent process i.e. Zygote
            continue to run the loop

    //Zygote never get here
    //for Android application, now caller contains a MethodAndArgsCaller which is a Runnable
    //whose run() calls ActivityThread.main and never return
    //since ActivityThread.main runs the main message loop        
    caller.run();

启动活动时,最后进入到活动管理器服务(AMS,它在系统服务器进程中)。如果尚未创建该活动的进程,则AMS将向Zygote服务器发送进程启动请求请求(在上述的zygote进程中,由init进程启动),该进程类似于:

//in AMS (system server process)
final String entryPoint = "android.app.ActivityThread";
return startProcessLocked(....,entryPoint, ....);
->startProcessLocked        
    ->Process.start
        ->ZygoteProcess.start
            ->ZygoteProcess.startViaZygote
                ->ZygoteProcess.zygoteSendArgsAndGetResult
                    //send the request to Zygote server through sockets
                    //note that "android.app.ActivityThread" is send to Zygote server as a parameter

这时,上面列出的Zygote代码将从中唤醒

Os.poll(pollFds, -1);

并分叉子进程,然后,父进程(即Zygote)将再次执行轮询以等待下一个请求,并且分叉的子进程将从runSelectLoop返回并执行ActivityThread.main,如上面的代码清单所述。] >

因此,新过程的确切入口将在Zygote.forkAndSpecialize中的本机fork()之后,在称为ForkAndSpecializeCommon的本机函数中,确切地说,然后一直通过返回路径向上到达

caller = zygoteServer.runSelectLoop

在ZygoteInit.main中。因此,尽管Android应用程序的调用堆栈始于ZygoteInit.main,但在ZygoteInit.main中执行的代码在调用runSelectLoop之后开始,而不是ZygoteInit.main的开始。

关于活动:实际上,活动与入口点或启动过程无关。当AMS随时向流程发送“活动开始”请求时,就会启动“活动”。因此,活动启动过程总是在收到启动请求时在主消息循环中开始,它由来自AMS的消息驱动,并与应用程序启动过程完全分离。

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