我想知道是否存在ConcurrentQueue的实现/包装器，类似于BlockingCollection，其中从集合中获取不会阻塞，而是异步并且将导致异步等待直到将项目放入队列中。
我已经提出了自己的实现，但它似乎没有按预期执行。我想知道我是否正在重塑已经存在的东西。
这是我的实现：
public class MessageQueue<T>
{
ConcurrentQueue<T> queue = new ConcurrentQueue<T>();
ConcurrentQueue<TaskCompletionSource<T>> waitingQueue =
new ConcurrentQueue<TaskCompletionSource<T>>();
object queueSyncLock = new object();
public void Enqueue(T item)
{
queue.Enqueue(item);
ProcessQueues();
}
public async Task<T> Dequeue()
{
TaskCompletionSource<T> tcs = new TaskCompletionSource<T>();
waitingQueue.Enqueue(tcs);
ProcessQueues();
return tcs.Task.IsCompleted ? tcs.Task.Result : await tcs.Task;
}
private void ProcessQueues()
{
TaskCompletionSource<T> tcs=null;
T firstItem=default(T);
while (true)
{
bool ok;
lock (queueSyncLock)
{
ok = waitingQueue.TryPeek(out tcs) && queue.TryPeek(out firstItem);
if (ok)
{
waitingQueue.TryDequeue(out tcs);
queue.TryDequeue(out firstItem);
}
}
if (!ok) break;
tcs.SetResult(firstItem);
}
}
}
我不知道无锁解决方案，但你可以看看新的Dataflow library，Async CTP的一部分。一个简单的BufferBlock<T>就足够了，例如：
BufferBlock<int> buffer = new BufferBlock<int>();
通过数据流块类型的扩展方法可以轻松完成生产和消费。
生产就像：
buffer.Post(13);
和消费是异步准备：
int item = await buffer.ReceiveAsync();
我建议你尽可能使用Dataflow;使这样的缓冲区既高效又正确，比首次出现时更困难。
IAsyncEnumerable和Dataflow library的简单方法// Instatiate an async queue
var queue = new AsyncQueue<int>();
// Then, loop through the elements of queue.
// This loop won't stop until it is canceled or broken out of
// (for that, use queue.WithCancellation(..) or break;)
await foreach(int i in queue) {
// Writes a line as soon as some other Task calls queue.Enqueue(..)
Console.WriteLine(i);
}
随着AsyncQueue的实施如下：
public class AsyncQueue<T> : IAsyncEnumerable<T>
{
private readonly SemaphoreSlim _enumerationSemaphore = new SemaphoreSlim(1);
private readonly BufferBlock<T> _bufferBlock = new BufferBlock<T>();
public void Enqueue(T item) =>
_bufferBlock.Post(item);
public async IAsyncEnumerator<T> GetAsyncEnumerator(CancellationToken token = default)
{
// We lock this so we only ever enumerate once at a time.
// That way we ensure all items are returned in a continuous
// fashion with no 'holes' in the data when two foreach compete.
await _enumerationSemaphore.WaitAsync();
try {
// Return new elements until cancellationToken is triggered.
while (true) {
// Make sure to throw on cancellation so the Task will transfer into a canceled state
token.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
yield return await _bufferBlock.ReceiveAsync(token);
}
} finally {
_enumerationSemaphore.Release();
}
}
}
我的尝试（创建“promise”时会引发一个事件，外部生产者可以使用它来知道何时生成更多项目）：
public class AsyncQueue<T>
{
private ConcurrentQueue<T> _bufferQueue;
private ConcurrentQueue<TaskCompletionSource<T>> _promisesQueue;
private object _syncRoot = new object();
public AsyncQueue()
{
_bufferQueue = new ConcurrentQueue<T>();
_promisesQueue = new ConcurrentQueue<TaskCompletionSource<T>>();
}
/// <summary>
/// Enqueues the specified item.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="item">The item.</param>
public void Enqueue(T item)
{
TaskCompletionSource<T> promise;
do
{
if (_promisesQueue.TryDequeue(out promise) &&
!promise.Task.IsCanceled &&
promise.TrySetResult(item))
{
return;
}
}
while (promise != null);
lock (_syncRoot)
{
if (_promisesQueue.TryDequeue(out promise) &&
!promise.Task.IsCanceled &&
promise.TrySetResult(item))
{
return;
}
_bufferQueue.Enqueue(item);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Dequeues the asynchronous.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="cancellationToken">The cancellation token.</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public Task<T> DequeueAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
T item;
if (!_bufferQueue.TryDequeue(out item))
{
lock (_syncRoot)
{
if (!_bufferQueue.TryDequeue(out item))
{
var promise = new TaskCompletionSource<T>();
cancellationToken.Register(() => promise.TrySetCanceled());
_promisesQueue.Enqueue(promise);
this.PromiseAdded.RaiseEvent(this, EventArgs.Empty);
return promise.Task;
}
}
}
return Task.FromResult(item);
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets a value indicating whether this instance has promises.
/// </summary>
/// <value>
/// <c>true</c> if this instance has promises; otherwise, <c>false</c>.
/// </value>
public bool HasPromises
{
get { return _promisesQueue.Where(p => !p.Task.IsCanceled).Count() > 0; }
}
/// <summary>
/// Occurs when a new promise
/// is generated by the queue
/// </summary>
public event EventHandler PromiseAdded;
}
对于你的用例来说可能有点过分（考虑到学习曲线），但Reactive Extentions提供了你可能想要的异步合成的所有胶水。
您基本上订阅了更改，并在它们可用时将它们推送给您，您可以让系统在单独的线程上推送更改。
这是我目前正在使用的实现。
public class MessageQueue<T>
{
ConcurrentQueue<T> queue = new ConcurrentQueue<T>();
ConcurrentQueue<TaskCompletionSource<T>> waitingQueue =
new ConcurrentQueue<TaskCompletionSource<T>>();
object queueSyncLock = new object();
public void Enqueue(T item)
{
queue.Enqueue(item);
ProcessQueues();
}
public async Task<T> DequeueAsync(CancellationToken ct)
{
TaskCompletionSource<T> tcs = new TaskCompletionSource<T>();
ct.Register(() =>
{
lock (queueSyncLock)
{
tcs.TrySetCanceled();
}
});
waitingQueue.Enqueue(tcs);
ProcessQueues();
return tcs.Task.IsCompleted ? tcs.Task.Result : await tcs.Task;
}
private void ProcessQueues()
{
TaskCompletionSource<T> tcs = null;
T firstItem = default(T);
lock (queueSyncLock)
{
while (true)
{
if (waitingQueue.TryPeek(out tcs) && queue.TryPeek(out firstItem))
{
waitingQueue.TryDequeue(out tcs);
if (tcs.Task.IsCanceled)
{
continue;
}
queue.TryDequeue(out firstItem);
}
else
{
break;
}
tcs.SetResult(firstItem);
}
}
}
}
它工作得很好，但是在queueSyncLock上有很多争论，因为我正在大量使用CancellationToken来取消一些等待任务。当然，这会导致我用BlockingCollection看到的阻塞程度要小得多，但......
我想知道是否有更顺畅，无锁的方法来达到同样的目的
你可以使用BlockingCollection（使用默认的ConcurrentQueue）并将调用包装在Take中的Task，这样你就可以await了：
var bc = new BlockingCollection<T>();
T element = await Task.Run( () => bc.Take() );