Keras乘以受约束的权重乘以并行层的输出

问题描述 投票:0回答:1

我有3个并行MLP,并希望在Keras中获得以下内容:

Out = W1 * Out_MLP1 + W2 * Out_MLP2 + W3 * Out_MLP3

其中Out_MLP是每个MLP的输出层,并且尺寸为(10,),并且W1,W2和W3是三个可训练的权重(浮点数),它们满足以下条件:

W1 + W2 + W3 = 1

使用Keras功能API实施此功能的最佳方法是什么?如果我们有N个并行层怎么办?

keras keras-layer tf.keras
1个回答
0
投票

您需要在一组可学习的权重上应用softmax,以使它们的总和等于1。

我们在自定义图层中初始化可学习的权重。该层接收MLP的输出,并按照逻辑W1 * Out_MLP1 + W2 * Out_MLP2 + W3 * Out_MLP3对其进行组合。输出将是形状为(10,)的张量。

class W_ADD(Layer):

    def __init__(self, n_output):
        super(W_ADD, self).__init__()
        self.W = tf.Variable(initial_value=tf.random.uniform(shape=[1,1,n_output], minval=0, maxval=1),
            trainable=True) # (1,1,n_inputs)

    def call(self, inputs):

        # inputs is a list of tensor of shape [(n_batch, n_feat), ..., (n_batch, n_feat)]
        # expand last dim of each input passed [(n_batch, n_feat, 1), ..., (n_batch, n_feat, 1)]
        inputs = [tf.expand_dims(i, -1) for i in inputs]
        inputs = Concatenate(axis=-1)(inputs) # (n_batch, n_feat, n_inputs)
        weights = tf.nn.softmax(self.W, axis=-1) # (1,1,n_inputs)
        # weights sum up to one on last dim

        return tf.reduce_sum(weights*inputs, axis=-1) # (n_batch, n_feat)

在此虚拟示例中,我创建了一个具有3个并行MLP的网络

inp1 = Input((100))
inp2 = Input((100))
inp3 = Input((100))
x1 = Dense(32, activation='relu')(inp1)
x2 = Dense(32, activation='relu')(inp2)
x3 = Dense(32, activation='relu')(inp3)
x1 = Dense(10, activation='linear')(x1)
x2 = Dense(10, activation='linear')(x2)
x3 = Dense(10, activation='linear')(x3)
mlp_outputs = [x1,x2,x3]
out = W_ADD(n_output=len(mlp_outputs))(mlp_outputs)

m = Model([inp1,inp2,inp3], out)
m.compile('adam','mse')

X1 = np.random.uniform(0,1, (1000,100))
X2 = np.random.uniform(0,1, (1000,100))
X3 = np.random.uniform(0,1, (1000,100))
y = np.random.uniform(0,1, (1000,10))

m.fit([X1,X2,X3], y, epochs=10)

如您所见,在N个并行层的情况下,这很容易泛化

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